Etiology
monogenic diseases
chromosomal diseases
inborn errors of metabolism
exogenous causes
- teratogenic chemical agents
- teratogenic physical agents
- teratogenic infectious agents
- maternal diseases
Types
neurulation failures
- faulty neural induction
- neural tube defects (NTDs or dysraphias)
failure of neural tube growth (defects in the differentiation of medial structures)
- prosencephalon growth failure (prosencephalies)
- holoprosencephalies (holoprosencephaly)
- aprosencephaly
- Corpus callosum agenesis
- anomalies of the septum pellucidum
- anomalies of the wall of the lateral ventricles
anomalies of neuronal migration (cytoarchitectonic anomalies)
- neuronal heterotopias
- anomalies of the cortical plate
- agyria-pachygyria
- lissencephaly
- isolated lissencephaly
- lissencephaly type 1-four layered-Miller-Dieker syndrome
- lissencephaly type 2-cortical dysplasia-Walker-Warburg syndrome
- lissencephaly type 3-micrencephaly-cytoarchitectonic anomalies
- lissencephaly
- microgyria
- polymicrogyria
- status verrucosus simplex
microencepahly and micrencephaly
megalencephaly
defects of the ventricular system (congenital hydrocephalus)
- obstructive hydrocephalus
- cerebral malformations associated hydrocephalus
- hydrocephalus with genetically transmitted disorders
brainstem and cerebellum growth failure
- brainstem anomalies
- cerebellar malformations
cerebral cysts
- arachnoid cysts
- choroid plexus cysts
- subependymal pseudocysts
cerebral vascular malformations
- cerebral arterioveinous malformations
See also:
spinal cord malformations