Type 2 diabetes is a polygenic disorder characterized by multiple biochemical defects including transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational abnormalities. Although major progress has been made in elucidation of factors at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels, defects at the translational level remain elusive.
Insulin resistance
The insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes appears to be caused in part by the presence of high levels of lipids in cells such as skeletal muscle where this would not normally be found. The presence of excess lipid stores in skeletal muscle cells interferes with energy metabolism, impairing glucose oxidation and insulin response.
Skeletal muscle is one of the primary glucose-consuming tissues, giving it a central role in insulin resistance. The increased risk of diabetes associated with obesity may be caused by increased lipid deposits in skeletal muscle and liver, creating insulin resistance.
Translational anomalies
Susceptibility loci
5q34-q35.2 (12851856)
calpain-10 variation
Videos
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus by Washington Deceit
Diabetes
References
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