Definition: In encephalocele, the brain and meninges herniate through a defect in the cranium.
Types
anterior encephalocele
parietal encephalocele
posterior encephalocele (occipital encephalocele)
basal meningoencephalocele
- nasal neuroglial heterotopia ("nasal glioma")
- intranasal meningoencephalocele (15936196)
Associations
isolated encephalocele (non-syndromic encephalocele)
- chromosomal anomalies
- 1p35-pter deletion and 14q32-qter duplication inherited from a maternal balanced translocation (17385797)
syndromic encephalocele
- Meckel syndrome (with polydactyly and bilateral multicystic renal dysplasia) (occipital encephalocele)
- Knobloch syndrome
- DK phocomelia
- association laryngeal atresia, encephalocele and limb deformities (LAELD)
- Walker-Warburg syndrome
- craniotelencephalic dysplasia
- syndrome brachial amelia, forebrain defects and facial defects
- Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (rarely)
- congenital hypothalamic hamartoma
- frontofacionasal dysostosis
- Coach syndrome
associated encephalocele
amniotic band syndrome
See also:
cerebral malformations
NTDs (neural tube defects)