cardiomyopathies
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Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the myocardium associated with cardiac dysfunction. They are classified as dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogeníc right ventricular cardiomyopathy.
Classification
dilated cardiomyopathy
- idiopathic
- familial/genetic
- viral
- immune
- alcoholic/toxic
- associated with recognized cardiovascular disease
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (familial disease with autosomal dominant inheritance)
- mutations in sarcomeric contractile protein genes
restrictive cardiomyopathy
- isolated
- desmin mutations
- alpha-B crystallin mutations
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVD)
unclassified cardiomyopathies
specific cardiomyopathies
The term specific cardiomyopathies is now used to describe heart muscle diseases that are associated with specific cardiac or systemic disorders. These were previously defined as specific heart muscle diseases.
ischemic cardiomyopathy
valvular cardiomyopathy
hypertensive cardiomyopathy
inflammatory cardiomyopathy
metabolic cardiomyopathies
- Endocrine
- thyrotoxicosis
- hypothyroidism
- adrenal cortical insufficiency
- pheochromocytoma
- acromegaly
- diabetes mellitus
- familial storage disease and infiltrations
- hemochromatosis
- glycogen storage disease
- Hurler?s syndrome
- Refsum?s syndrome
- Niemann-Pick disease
- Hand-Schüller-Christian disease
- Fabry-Anderson disease
- Morquio-Ullrich disease
- deficiency
- disturbances of potassium metabolism
- magnesium deficiency
- nutritional disorders
- kwashiorkor
- anemia
- beri-beri
- selenium deficiency
cardiac amyloidosis
- primary
- secondary
- familial (hereditary cardiac amyloidoses, familial Mediterranean fever, and senile amyloidosis)
systemic dysimmune diseases
- connective tissue disorders
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- polyarteritis nodosa
- rheumatoid arthritis
- scleroderma
- dermatomyositis
myocardic infiltrations
- cardiac granulomatosis
- sarcoidosis
- leukemia
Muscular dystrophies
Duchenne Becker-type myotonic dystrophies
Neuromuscular disorders Friedreich?s ataxia Noonan?s syndrome lentiginosis
Sensitivity and toxic reactions
alcohol catecholamines anthracyclines irradiation miscellaneous
Peripartal cardiomyopathy
References
Seidman, J. G.; Seidman, C. The genetic basis for cardiomyopathy: from mutation identification to mechanistic paradigms. Cell 104: 557-567, 2001. PubMed ID : 11239412
Circulation 1996; 93:841-842