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X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome

XHIGM

The X-linked hyper-IgM (XHIGM) syndrome is an uncommon primary immunodeficiency disease caused by mutations in the gene for CD40 ligand and characterized by normal or elevated serum IgM, reduced levels of IgG and IgA, and defective T-cell function.

Synopsis

- opportunistic infections

  • pneumonia
  • upper respiratory infections
    • sinusitis
    • recurrent otitis

- encapsulated bacteria
- P. carinii
- Herpes virus family (including cytomegalovirus)
- Cryptosporidium

- Cryptococcus
- Candida
- Histoplasma
- Bartonella

- cutaneous sarcoid-like granulomas (14871324)

Etiology

- mutations in the gene encoding CD40 ligand