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spina bifida

Spina bifida aperta Thoracolombar spina bifida (21 weeks) Thoracolombar spina bifida (21 weeks) Spina bifida (21 weeks) Spina bifida (20 weeks) Club feet in a spina bifida with myelomeningocele (neonate) Club feet in a spina bifida with myelomeningocele (neonate) Spina bifida and feet club Spina bifida aperta (20 weeks) Folate-homocysteine cycle Frequencies of spina bifida and anencephaly Spina bifida (NEJM) Spinabifida in 20 weeks foetus (After formalin fixation) Types of spina bifida

Definition: Spina bifida (SB) is one of the neural tube defects (NTDs) caused by the failure of the fetus’s spine to close properly during the first month of pregnancy.

The most common types of SB are:

- spina bifida occulta (one or more vertebrae are malformed and covered by a layer of skin)
- meningocele (the spinal cord develops normally but the meninges protrude from a spinal opening)
- myelomeningocele (the spinal cord and the meninges protrude from an opening in the spine)
- spina bifida aperta
- spina bifida cystica

Localization

- cervical spina bifida
- thoracic spina bifida
- lombar spina bifida
- sacral spina bifida

Suceptibility

- variation in genes that are involved in the folate-homocysteine metabolic pathway

- Loci

  • 1q43
  • 5p15.3-p15.2

- X-linked spina bifida (MIM.300293)

  • lumbosacral spina bifida and myeloschisis
  • de novo/autosomal translocation, t(X;22)(q27;q12.1)

Associations

- encephalocele (9182784)
- anencephaly (anencephaly-spina bifida association)

- sacral agenesis
- neural crest anomalies (8.5%) (10508971)

- association split hand-onbstructive uropathy- spina bifida and diaphragmatic defects (MIM.183802) (3308683)

- abdominal wall defects

- hypospadias (7977461)
- multiple pilomatricomas (15804314)

Etiological forms

- non-syndromal spina bifida

- syndromal spina bifida

See also

- spinal malformations
- neural tube defects
- myelomeningocele

References

- De Marco P, Merello E, Mascelli S, Capra V. Current perspectives on the genetic causes of neural tube defects. Neurogenetics. 2006 Nov;7(4):201-21. PMID: 16941185

Keywords