Human pathology

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Metastasis

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Nodal metastasis of an Ewing sarcoma at a pulmonary hilus Pulmonary metastasis of an osteosarcoma Pulmonary metastasis of an osteosarcoma Pulmonary metastasis of an osteosarcoma Pulmonary metastasis of an osteosarcoma Pulmonary metastasis of an osteosarcoma Pulmonary metastasis of an osteosarcoma Juxta-trabecular metastasis of a neuroblastoma Juxta-trabecular metastasis of a neuroblastoma Juxta-trabecular metastasis of a neuroblastoma
cancer metastasis, tumoral metastasis

Metastasis can be viewed as an evolutionary process, culminating in the prevalence of rare tumour cells that overcame stringent physiological barriers as they separated from their original environment and developmental fate.

This phenomenon brings into focus long-standing questions about the stage at which cancer cells acquire metastatic abilities, the relationship of metastatic cells to their tumour of origin, the basis for metastatic tissue tropism, the nature of metastasis predisposition factors and, importantly, the identity of genes that mediate these processes.

Types

- lymphatic dissemination

- visceral metastasis

- osseous metastasis (bone metastasis)
- placental metastasis

See also

- circulating tumoral cells

References

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- Sahai E. Illuminating the metastatic process. Nat Rev Cancer. 2007 Oct;7(10):737-49. PMID: 17891189

- Nguyen DX, Massague J. Genetic determinants of cancer metastasis. Nat Rev Genet. 2007 May;8(5):341-52. PMID: 17440531

- Crawford NP, Hunter KW. New perspectives on hereditary influences in metastatic progression. Trends Genet. 2006 Oct;22(10):555-61. PMID: 16889869

- Mocellin S, Keilholz U, Rossi CR, Nitti D. Circulating tumor cells: the ?leukemic phase? of solid cancers. Trends Mol Med. 2006 Feb 16; PMID: 16488189

- Bogenrieder T, Herlyn M. Axis of evil: molecular mechanisms of cancer metastasis. Oncogene. 2003 Sep 29;22(42):6524-36. PMID: 14528277

- Townson JL, Naumov GN, Chambers AF. The role of apoptosis in tumor progression and metastasis. Curr Mol Med. 2003 Nov;3(7):631-42. PMID: 14601637

- Cairns RA, Khokha R, Hill RP. Molecular mechanisms of tumor invasion and metastasis: an integrated view. Curr Mol Med. 2003 Nov;3(7):659-71. PMID: 14601640

- Eccles SA. Targeting key steps in metastatic tumour progression. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2005 Feb;15(1):77-86. PMID: 15661537

- Roodman GD. Mechanisms of bone metastasis. N Engl J Med. 2004 Apr 15;350(16):1655-64. PMID: 15084698

- Pantel K, Brakenhoff RH. Dissecting the metastatic cascade. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004 Jun;4(6):448-56. PMID: 15170447

- Fidler IJ. The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the ?seed and soil? hypothesis revisited. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 Jun;3(6):453-8. PMID: 12778135