Haplogroup C
Distribution
Native Americans
Chukchi and Siberian Eskimos
Facts
The sequence-divergence estimates for Haplogroup A, Haplogroup C, and Haplogroup D of Siberian and Native American populations indicate that the earliest inhabitants of Beringia possessed a limited number of founding mtDNA haplotypes and that the first humans expanded into the New World approximately 34,000 years before present (YBP). (9792876)
References
Marinho AN, Miranda NC, Braz V, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos AK, de Souza SM. Paleogenetic and taphonomic analysis of human bones from Moa, Beirada, and Ze Espinho Sambaquis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2006 Dec 5;101 Suppl 2:15-23. PMID: 17308804
Silva WA Jr, Bonatto SL, Holanda AJ, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos AK, Paixao BM, Goldman GH, Abe-Sandes K, Rodriguez-Delfin L, Barbosa M, Paco-Larson ML, Petzl-Erler ML, Valente V, Santos SE, Zago MA. Mitochondrial genome diversity of Native Americans supports a single early entry of founder populations into America. Am J Hum Genet. 2002 Jul;71(1):187-92. PMID: 12022039
Bonatto SL, Salzano FM. Diversity and age of the four major mtDNA haplogroups, and their implications for the peopling of the New World. Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Dec;61(6):1413-23. PMID: 9399887