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Haplogroup A
Wednesday 28 September 2005
Distribution
Native Americans
Chukchi and Siberian Eskimos
Facts
The sequence-divergence estimates for Haplogroup A, Haplogroup C, and Haplogroup D of Siberian and Native American populations indicate that the earliest inhabitants of Beringia possessed a limited number of founding mtDNA haplotypes and that the first humans expanded into the New World approximately 34,000 years before present (YBP). (9792876)
A 16111C—>T transition appears to delineate an "American" enclave of Haplogroup A mtDNAs in northeastern Siberia, whereas the 16192C—>T transition demarcates a "northern Pacific Rim" cluster within Haplogroup A. (9792876)
References
Nishigaki Y, Yamada Y, Fuku N, Matsuo H, Segawa T, Watanabe S, Kato K, Yokoi K, Yamaguchi S, Nozawa Y, Tanaka M. Mitochondrial haplogroup A is a genetic risk factor for atherothrombotic cerebral infarction in Japanese females. Mitochondrion. 2007 Feb-Apr;7(1-2):72-9. PMID: 17257906
Eshleman JA, Malhi RS, Johnson JR, Kaestle FA, Lorenz J, Smith DG. Mitochondrial DNA and prehistoric settlements: native migrations on the western edge of North America. Hum Biol. 2004 Feb;76(1):55-75. PMID: 15222680
Malhi RS, Breece KE, Shook BA, Kaestle FA, Chatters JC, Hackenberger S, Smith DG. Patterns of mtDNA diversity in northwestern North America. Hum Biol. 2004 Feb;76(1):33-54. PMID: 15222679
Silva WA Jr, Bonatto SL, Holanda AJ, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos AK, Paixao BM, Goldman GH, Abe-Sandes K, Rodriguez-Delfin L, Barbosa M, Paco-Larson ML, Petzl-Erler ML, Valente V, Santos SE, Zago MA. Mitochondrial genome diversity of Native Americans supports a single early entry of founder populations into America. Am J Hum Genet. 2002 Jul;71(1):187-92. PMID: 12022039
Bonatto SL, Salzano FM. Diversity and age of the four major mtDNA haplogroups, and their implications for the peopling of the New World. Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Dec;61(6):1413-23. PMID: 9399887
