Edema
Definition: Edema is the increase of fluid in the interstitial tissue spaces.
Types
noninflammatory edema
inflammatory edema
Etiology
Increased Hydrostatic Pressure
- Impaired venous return
- Congestive heart failure
- Constrictive pericarditis
- Ascites (liver cirrhosis)
- Venous obstruction or compression
- Thrombosis
- External pressure (e.g., mass)
- Lower extremity inactivity with prolonged dependency
- Arteriolar dilation
- Heat
- Neurohumoral dysregulation
reduced plasma osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure) (hypoproteinemia)
- Protein-losing glomerulopathies (nephrotic syndrome)
- Liver cirrhosis (ascites)
- Malnutrition
- Protein-losing gastroenteropathy
lymphatic Obstruction
- inflammatory
- neoplastic
- postsurgical
- postirradiation
- parasitic
sodium Retention
- Excessive salt intake with renal insufficiency
- Increased tubular reabsorption of sodium
- Renal hypoperfusion
- Increased renin-angiotensin-aldosterone secretion
Inflammation (inflammatory edema)
- acute inflammation
- chronic inflammation
angiogenesis
See also
anasarca: the severe and generalized edema with profound subcutaneous tissue swelling.