pulmonary hypertension
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Types
acute pulmonary hypertension
chronic pulmonary hypertension
Etiology
primary pulmonary vascular diseases
- primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH)
- persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)or persistent fetal circulation (PFC)
secondary pulmonary hypertension
- meconium aspiration
-
pulmonary parenchymal diseases
- bacterial pneumonia
- postviral obliterative bronchiolitis
- bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- pulmonary interstitial fibrosis
- airways diseases
- persistent upper airway obstruction
- chronic airway obstruction (asthma)
- chronic lower airway obstruction (cystic fibrosis)
- endstage pulmonary disease
- premature closure of ductus arteriosus
- premature closure of foramen ovale
- alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignement of pulmonary vessels
- pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
- invasive pulmonary capillary haemangiomatosis
- pulmonary embolic disease
- thromboembolism
- non-thrombotic embolism
- congenital and acquired heart diseases
- with pulmonary venous hypertension
- obstruction to left ventricular outflow
- aortic atresia
- aortic stenosis
- hypoplastic left heart
- aortic coarctation with VSD
- interrupted aortic arch
- obstruction to left ventricular outflow
- with pulmonary venous hypertension
- obstruction to pulmonary venous return
- critical mitral stenosis
- cor triatrium
- pulmonary venous stenosis
- intradiaphragmatic TAPVR
- decreased left ventricular contractility
- transient left ventricular dysfuntion
- endocardial fibroelastosis
- glycogen storage disease type II (GSD2) (Pompe disease)
- with increased pulmonary blood flow
- transposition of great arteries
- supradiaphragmatic TAPVR
- endocardial cushion defect
- arteriovenous malformations
- with isolated VSD
- decreased pulmonary vascular bed
- pulmonary hypoplasia
- primary pulmonary hypoplasia
- secondary pulmonary hypoplasia
- congenital diaphragmatic hernia
- oligohydramnios sequence
- asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (Jeune syndrome)
- fetal pleural effusions
- generalized and local vascular disorders
- portocaval shunt
- collagen vascular diseases (dysimmune diseases)
- intravenous drug abuse
- vascular toxins
- drugs
- mechanical disorders
- chest wall restriction (kyphoscoliosis)
- muscle weakness (myasthenia gravis)
-
central nervous system disorders
- acquired (head injury, ence^phalitis)
- congenital (Arnold-Chiari malformations)
- ventilatory control diorders
- blood hyperviscosity
- polycythemia
- fetal-maternal transfusion
- fetal-fetal transfusion
- sickle-cell disease
- high-altitude residence
- antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
- sleep disordered breathing due to obstructive sleep apnea
- neuromuscular disease
- portocaval shunt (12447666, 6886359)
- portal hypertension (159649)
- cirrhosis of the liver with portacaval shunts (5634734)
Associations
portal hypertension (1409142)
See also
pulmonary plexogenic arteriopathy
References
Tulloh RM. Congenital heart disease in relation to pulmonary hypertension in paediatric practice. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2005 Sep;6(3):174-80. PMID: 16153566
Bush A. Pulmonary hypertensive diseases. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2000 Dec;1(4):361-7. PMID: 16263465
Alt B, Shikes RH. Pulmonary hypertension in congenital heart disease: irreversible vascular changes in young infants. Pediatr Pathol. 1983 Oct-Dec;1(4):423-34. PMID: 6687292
Wagenvoort CA. Grading of pulmonary vascular lesions?a reappraisal. Histopathology. 1981 Nov;5(6):595-8. PMID: 7319479