Etiology
proximal symphalangism (SYM1) and multiple-synostoses syndrome (SYNS1) are caused by mutations in NOG, the gene encoding noggin
autosomal dominant stapes ankylosis with broad thumbs and toes, hyperopia, and skeletal anomalies are caused by mutations in NOG, the gene encoding noggin (12089654)
lethal osteosclerotic bone dysplasia (Raine syndrome) (MIM.259775) (17924334)
- germline mutations in FAM20C
See also
osseous lesions
osseous anomalies