Classification
benign germ cell tumors
-
teratomas
- mature teratoma
- immature teratoma
malignant germ cell tumors
- embryonal carcinoma
- seminoma
- endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor)
- choriocarcinomas
- malignant teratomas
- teratomas with sarcomatous component
- mixed malignant germ cell tumors
According to the localization
gonadal germ cell tumors
- ovarian germ cell tumor
- testicular germ cell tumor
extragonadal germ cell tumors
- intracranial germ cell tumors
- mediastinal germ cell tumors
According to the sex of the patient
male germ cell tumors
female germ cell tumors
neonatal germ cell tumors
According to the age of the patient
adult germ cell tumors
infantile germ cell tumors
Variants
- germ cell tumor with sarcomatous components (17721191)
- embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in a testicular germ cell tumor
- Wilms tumor arising in a testicular germ cell tumor (15105660)
- adenocarcinoma
- primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET)
- acute monoblastic leukemia
- malignant lymphoma
Cytogenetics
i(12)p
- 90% of adult patients (all histologic subtypes - gonadal and extragonadal localization) (2177638)
- few i(12)p in pediatric patients (11528555)
recurring complex chromosomal translocations t(6p21), t(6p22), t(6q23), and t(11q13) (8174069)
constitutional translocation t(12q13) (12752256)
CGH (15880464)
| Losses | ||||
| distal 1p | 4q | 6q24-qter | 18q21-qter | |
| Gains | ||||
| 1q32-qter | Ch.7 | Ch.8 | 12p | 20q |
Expression profile: 14595015
miRNA: 17893849
References
High-throughput microRNAome analysis in human germ cell tumours. Gillis AJ, Stoop HJ, Hersmus R, Oosterhuis JW, Sun Y, Chen C, Guenther S, Sherlock J, Veltman I, Baeten J, van der Spek PJ, de Alarcon P, Looijenga LH. J Pathol. 2007 Nov;213(3):319-28. PMID: 17893849
Sperger JM, Chen X, Draper JS, Antosiewicz JE, Chon CH, Jones SB, Brooks JD, Andrews PW, Brown PO, Thomson JA. Gene expression patterns in human embryonic stem cells and human pluripotent germ cell tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Nov 11;100(23):13350-5. Epub 2003 Oct 31. PMID: 14595015
Chaganti RS, Houldsworth J. Genetics and biology of adult human male germ cell tumors. Cancer Res. 2000 Mar 15;60(6):1475-82. PMID: 10749107
Pediatric germ cell tumors: protocol update for pathologists. Perlman EJ, Hawkins EP. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 1998 Jul-Aug;1(4):328-35. PMID: 10463297
Germ cell tumors. Hawkins EP. Am J Clin Pathol. 1998 Apr;109(4 Suppl 1):S82-8. PMID: 9533752