Types (Exemples)
septal malformations (atrioventricular septal defects)
- malformations of the atrial septum
- atrial septal defect
- single atrium
- premature closure of the foramen ovale
- malformations of the ventricular septum
- malformations of the atrioventricular septum
- partial atrioventricular septal defect
- complete atrioventricular septal defect (complete AV canal)
malformations of the conus and truncus (conotruncal malformations)
- transposition of great vessels
- complete transposition (D-transposition)
- corrected transposition (L-transposition)
- double outlet ventricles
- double outlet right ventricle
- double outlet left ventricle
- persistent truncus arteriosus
- aortopulmonary window (aortopulmonary septal defect)
malformations of the ventricular inflow tracts
- tricupsid valve malformations
- tricupsid atresia
- Ebstein anomaly (Ebstein malformation)
-
mitral valve malformations
- congenital mitral stenosis and insufficiency
- mitral valve dysplasia
- mitral valve hypoplasia
- supramitral ring
- parachute deformity
- double orifice mitral valve
- congenital mitral stenosis and insufficiency
- mitral atresia
- univentricular atrioventricular connection
malformations of the ventricular outflow tracts
- pulmonary outflow tract and valve malformations
- tetralogy of Fallot
- aortic outflow tract and valve malformations
- hypoplastic left-heart syndrome
malformations of the aortic arch system
- dextrocardia
- right cardiac isomerism
- left cardiac isomerism
References
Huhta JC, Hernandez-Robles JA. Homocysteine, folate, and congenital heart defects. Fetal Pediatr Pathol. 2005 Mar-Apr;24(2):71-9. PMID: 16243751
Gelb BD. Genetic basis of congenital heart disease. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2004 Mar;19(2):110-5. PMID: 15075735
Hatcher CJ, Diman NY, McDermott DA, Basson CT. Transcription factor cascades in congenital heart malformation. Trends Mol Med. 2003 Dec;9(12):512-5. PMID: 14659463
Devine WA, Debich DE, Anderson RH. Dissection of congenitally malformed hearts, with comments on the value of sequential segmental analysis. Pediatr Pathol. 1991 Mar-Apr;11(2):235-59. PMID: 2052507