Limb and urinary tract defects have frequently been reported to occur together as components of a single acrorenal field defect or in many multiple malformation syndromes.
Synopsis
urinary malformations (urinary tract anomalies)
radial ray defects
micromelia
amelia
Types
VACTERL association
cloacal exstrophy sequence
caudal regression sequence
Clusters of patients
micromelia with renal agenesis
split hand/foot with hydronephrosis
radial ray anomalies with VACTERL defects
bilateral limb defects with bilateral renal anomalies
References
Evans JA, Vitez M, Czeizel A. Patterns of acrorenal malformation associations. Am J Med Genet. 1992 Nov 1;44(4):413-9. PMID: 1442878