See also
biallelic polymorphisms
Y-chromosome
haplotypes
haplogroups
short tandem repeat (STR) loci
Facts
The major components (haplogroups yE3b, yG, yJ, yI, yL, yN, yK2, and yR1; 94.1%) are shared with European and neighboring Near Eastern populations and contrast with only a minor share of haplogroups related to Central Asian (yC, yQ and yO; 3.4%), Indian (yH, yR2; 1.5%) and African (yA, yE3*, yE3a; 1%) affinity. (14586639)
The most frequent haplogroup, yJ, splits into two sub-clades, one of which (yJ2) shows decreasing variances with increasing latitude, compatible with a northward expansion. (14586639)
Haplogroups yG1 and yL show affinities with south Caucasus populations in their geographic distribution as well as STR motifs. (14586639)
Frequency of haplogroup yI, which originated in Europe, declines with increasing longitude, indicating gene flow arriving from Europe. (14586639)
Conversely, haplogroup yG2 radiates towards Europe. (14586639)
Haplogroup yE3b3 displays a latitudinal correlation with decreasing frequency northward. (14586639)
Haplogroup yR1b3 emanates from Turkey towards Southeast Europe and Caucasia.
High resolution SNP analysis provides evidence of a detectable yet weak signal (<9%) of recent paternal gene flow from Central Asia. (14586639)
The variety of Turkish haplotypes is witness to Turkey being both an important source and recipient of gene flow. (14586639)
References
Cinnioglu C, King R, Kivisild T, Kalfoglu E, Atasoy S, Cavalleri GL, Lillie AS, Roseman CC, Lin AA, Prince K, Oefner PJ, Shen P, Semino O, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Underhill PA. Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia. Hum Genet. 2004 Jan;114(2):127-48. PMID: 14586639
Comas D, Calafell F, Mateu E, Perez-Lezaun A, Bertranpetit J. Geographic variation in human mitochondrial DNA control region sequence: the population history of Turkey and its relationship to the European populations. Mol Biol Evol. 1996 Oct;13(8):1067-77. PMID: 8865661