Diagnostic use
humoral rejection
- renal allograft
- cardiac allograft
- hepatic allograft (15947944)
C4d and systemic lupus erythematosus (15230282, 16093831)
See also
C4d deposits
C4d-positive acute humoral rejection
References
Dankof A, Schmeding M, Morawietz L, Gunther R, Krukemeyer MG, Rudolph B, Koch M, Krenn V, Neumann U. Portal capillary C4d deposits and increased infiltration by macrophages indicate humorally mediated mechanisms in acute cellular liver allograft rejection. Virchows Arch. 2005 Jul;447(1):87-93. PMID: 15947944
Poduval RD, Kadambi PV, Josephson MA, Cohn RA, Harland RC, Javaid B, Huo D, Manaligod JR, Thistlethwaite JR, Meehan SM. Implications of immunohistochemical detection of C4d along peritubular capillaries in late acute renal allograft rejection. Transplantation. 2005 Jan 27;79(2):228-35. PMID: 15665772
Baldwin WM 3rd, Kasper EK, Zachary AA, Wasowska BA, Rodriguez ER. Beyond C4d: other complement-related diagnostic approaches to antibody-mediated rejection. Am J Transplant. 2004 Mar;4(3):311-8. PMID: 14961982
Nickeleit V, Mihatsch MJ. Kidney transplants, antibodies and rejection: is C4d a magic marker? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003 Nov;18(11):2232-9. PMID: 14551348
Feucht HE. Complement C4d in graft capillaries — the missing link in the recognition of humoral alloreactivity. Am J Transplant. 2003 Jun;3(6):646-52. PMID: 12780555
Mauiyyedi S, Colvin RB. Humoral rejection in kidney transplantation: new concepts in diagnosis and treatment. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2002 Nov;11(6):609-18. PMID: 12394606
Watschinger B, Pascual M. Capillary C4d deposition as a marker of humoral immunity in renal allograft rejection. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002 Sep;13(9):2420-3. PMID: 12191988
Platt JL. C4d and the fate of organ allografts. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002 Sep;13(9):2417-9. PMID: 12191987