The ATR/ATM signal transduction network represents a highly conserved protein kinase cascade that is critical for cellular responses to many types of DNA damage.
ATR and ATM (Mec1p and Tel1p, respectively, in budding yeast) belong to the PI(3)-kinase-like protein kinase (PIKK) sub-family, and many different types of DNA lesion trigger ATR/ATM-dependent phosphorylation of the CHK1 and CHK2 effector protein kinases which can in turn phosphorylate a variety of intracellular proteins regulating cell cycle progression and DNA repair.
See also
ATR/ATM signalling
DNA lesions
MECP1
nucleoplasm
DNA damage