Congenital amusia (commonly known as "tone deafness") is a lifelong impairment of music perception that affects 4% of the population.
References
Peretz I, Cummings S, Dube MP. The genetics of congenital amusia (tone deafness): a family-aggregation study. Am J Hum Genet. 2007 Sep;81(3):582-8. PMID: 17701903