Molecular pathology of tumors

• Ovarian serous tumors (molecular pathology)
  10 September 2014

  Types
  ovarian epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)
  ovarian serous borderline tumor (SBT)
  ovarian atypical proliferative serous tumor (APST)
  ovarian micropapillary serous carcinoma (MPSC) or “non-invasive low-grade serous carcinoma”
  ovarian low-grade serous carcinoma (OLGSC)
  ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (OHGSC)
  The relationship of APST and MPSC to LGSC based on morphologic studies was supported by mutational analysis, gene expression studies and methylation profiling (...)

• Ovarian carcinomas (molecular pathology)
  10 September 2014

  epithelial ovarian cancer
  Each of the major histologic types of EOC is associated with a different set of cell signaling pathways abnormalities, which for the type I tumors are shared with their respective precursor lesions (borderline tumors and endometriosis) supporting their stepwise progression.
  In contrast, the type II tumors, aside from a very high frequency of TP53 mutations and molecular alterations of BRCA1/2, are characterized by marked genetic instability and lack other (...)

• Malignant mixed müllerian tumors (molecular pathology)
  10 September 2014

  Malignant mixed müllerian tumours (MMMT)
  Malignant mixed müllerian tumours (MMMT), also referred to as uterine carcinosarcomas or sarcomatoid carcinomas, are rare uterine tumours accounting for less than 5% of EC.
  Molecular studies have suggested recently that MMMT should be regarded as metaplastic carcinomas.
  Like sarcomatoid carcinomas of other locations, carcinosarcomas probably result from endometrial carcinomas through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
  EMT is a process of (...)

• Non-endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (molecular pathology)
  10 September 2014

  non-endometrioid carcinomas (NEEC)
  NEEC show TP53 mutations (90%), markedly reduced expression of E-cadherin (80–90%), c-erb-B2 (HER-2) amplification (30%), alterations in genes involved in regulation of the mitotic spindle checkpoint (STK15) and loss of heterozygosity at multiple loci reflecting chromosomal instability.
  While TP53 mutations occur in 90% of NEEC, they are present in only 10–20% of EEC, mainly grade 3 tumours.
  Reduced expression of E-cadherin is frequent in EC, and may be (...)

• Hepatoblastoma (molecular pathology)
  13 March 2012

  Hepatoblastoma oncogenetics
  Summary
  Several genetic changes are shared with other embryonal tumors, such as loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 11p15, also described in rhabdomyosarcomas and Wilms tumors.
  Acquired mutations of the APC gene and the ß-catenin gene, both members of the Wnt signaling pathway, have also been reported in hepatoblastoma.
  The high frequency of ß-catenin mutations in hepatoblastomas and the increased incidence of hepatoblastomas in familial adenomatous polyposis (...)

• molecular profiling in cancer
  12 June 2005

  Commercial providers
  Caris Life Sciences http://www.carislifesciences.com/

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