Definition: The process of coating a particle, such as a microbe, to target it for phagocytosis is called opsonization, and substances that do this are opsonins.
The efficiency of phagocytosis is greatly enhanced when microbes are opsonized by specific proteins (opsonins) for which the phagocytes express high-affinity receptors. The major opsonins are IgG antibodies, the C3b breakdown product of complement, and certain plasma lectins, notably MBL, all of which are recognized by specific (...)
Home > B. Cellular pathology
B. Cellular pathology
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opsonization
9 January 2008 -
endosomal targeting
9 January 2008endosome targeting, protein targeting
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macropinocytosis
7 January 2008Definition: Macropinocytosis is the invagination of the cell membrane to form a pocket, which then pinches off into the cell to form a vesicle filled with extracellular fluid (and molecules within it).
The filling of the pocket occurs in a non-specific manner. The vesicle then travels into the cytosol and fuses with other vesicles such as endosomes and lysosomes.
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pinocytosis
7 January 2008Definition: Pinocytosis (literally, cell-drinking) is a synonym for endocytosis.
This process is concerned with the uptake of solutes and single molecules such as proteins.
See: endocytosis -
receptor-mediated endocytosis
7 January 2008Some materials are incorporated into the endosome by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Some extracellular molecules bind to transmembrane receptor proteins that efficiently accumulate in coated pits. One example of receptor-mediated endocytosis important in human physiology is the main mechanism by which cholesterol is taken up by cells, in particular, liver cells.
In some people, the cholesterol receptor is defective, so uptake of cholesterol from the blood into liver cells is slow and (...) -
nuclear periphery
7 January 2008The localization of DNA within the nucleus influences the regulation of gene transcription. Subnuclear environments at the nuclear periphery promote gene silencing and activation.
Silenced regions of the genome, such as centromeres and telomeres, are statically tethered to the nuclear envelope.
References
Ahmed S, Brickner JH. Regulation and epigenetic control of transcription at the nuclear periphery.Trends Genet. 2007 Aug;23(8):396-402. PMID: (...) -
Barr body
6 January 2008Disappearing Barr body in breast and ovarian cancers (#17611545#)
Interest has recently reawakened in whether loss of the heterochromatic X chromosome (Barr body) is prevalent in certain breast and ovarian cancers, and new insights into the mechanisms involved have emerged.
Mitotic segregation errors commonly explain the loss of the inactive X chromosome (Xi), but compromise of Xi heterochromatin in some cancers may signal broader deficits of nuclear heterochromatin.
The debated link (...) -
S phase
6 January 2008See also
cell cycle
References
Coller HA. What’s taking so long? S-phase entry from quiescence versus proliferation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Aug;8(8):667-70. PMID: #17637736# -
G1 phase
6 January 2008See also
cell cycle
References
Coller HA. What’s taking so long? S-phase entry from quiescence versus proliferation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Aug;8(8):667-70. PMID: #17637736# -
nuclear architecture
6 January 2008See also
nucleus
References
Oberdoerffer P, Sinclair DA. The role of nuclear architecture in genomic instability and ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Sep;8(9):692-702. PMID: #17700626#
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