Spine

The incidence of vertebral hemangiomas is about 10% at autopsy . The majority of hemangiomas are incidentally noted on routine radiographs of the spine. Often, small hemangiomas cannot be visualized on radiographs and are found with more advanced imaging such as CT or MRI, or upon gross dissection. The occurrence of vertebral hemangiomas is seen slightly more in females for unknown reasons and is more symptomatic in the 4th decade of life.
See also
osseous hemangioma / hemangioma of (...)

Butterfly vertebrae have a cleft through the body of the vertebrae and a funnel shape at the ends.
This gives the appearance of a butterfly on an x-rayIt is caused by persistence of the notochord (which usually only remains as the center of the intervertebral disc) during vertebrae formation.

Ectopic adrenocortical neoplasms arising in the nervous system are very rare.
Localization
intradural, extramedullary adrenocortical neoplasm spinal nerve root in the distal lumbar region (#18941403#)
References
Rodriguez FJ, Scheithauer BW, Erickson LA, Jenkins RB, Giannini C. Ectopic Low-grade Adrenocortical Carcinoma in the Spinal Region: Immunohistochemical and Molecular Cytogenetic Study of a Pediatric Case.
Am J Surg Pathol. 2008 Oct 20. PMID: (...)

References
Katz JN, Harris MB. Clinical practice. Lumbar spinal stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2008 Feb 21;358(8):818-25. PMID: #18287604#

See also
vertebral malformations

intervertebral disk WKP PO
Definition : Normal intervertebral disc contains central nucleus pulposus (water, proteoglycans) within an annulus of obliquely oriented collagen fibers and a cartilaginous end plate.
Pathology
senescence / ageing Elderly have shrunken, yellowed and dehydrated nucleus pulposus
protrusion
prolapse
extrusion
sequestration
See also
spine (...)

Case records
Case 10040: vertebral hypoplasia in polymalformative syndrome
Case 10207: association Tetralogy of Fallot, corpus callosum agenesis, cleft palate, vertebral malformations
Case 10645: caudal regression syndrome with lumbosacral agenesis and thoracic rachischisis
See also
fetal vertebral anomalies

Case records
Case 10040: Polymalformative syndrome with thoraco-lombar vertebral hypoplasia
See also
fetal vertebral anomalies vertebral malformations

lower spine agenesis, agenesis of the lower vertebral column
Definition: vertebral agenesis of the lower vertebral column.
See also:
caudal regression syndrome
axial mesodermal dysplasia (agenesis of the lower vertebral column with defects in the upper body)
References
Opitz JM, Zanni G, Reynolds JF Jr, Gilbert-Barness E. Defects of blastogenesis. Am J Med Genet. 2002 Dec 30;115(4):269-86. PMID: #12503120#
Bohring A, Lewin SO, Reynolds JF, Voigtlander T, Rittinger O, Carey JC, (...)