Medicalisms

WKP
Definition : In philosophy, physicalism is the metaphysical thesis that "everything is physical", that there is "nothing over and above" the physical, or that everything supervenes on the physical.
Physicalism is a form of ontological monism—a "one substance" view of the nature of reality as opposed to a "two-substance" (dualism) or "many-substance" (pluralism) view.
Physicalism is closely related to materialism. Physicalism grew out of materialism with advancements of the physical (...)

> Derived from Wikipedia
Universal mechanism is a theory about the nature of the universe, closely linked with the early modern version of materialism.
Universal mechanism held that the universe is best understood as a completely mechanical system, a system composed entirely of matter in motion under a complete and regular system of laws of nature.
The mechanists understood the achievements of the scientific revolution to show that every phenomenon in the universe could eventually be (...)

References
Ackernecht EH. Anticontagionism between 1821 and 1867. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, sept-oct 1948.

See also
anticontagionism

vitalisme

empirism

See also
localization of disease
globalism

WKP
Definition : Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all things, including mental aspects and consciousness, are results of material interactions.
Even mind and consciousness are by-products or epiphenomena of material processes (the biochemistry of the human brain and nervous system, for example) without which they cannot exist. According to this doctrine the material creates and determines (...)

Definition (from Wikipedia): Mechanism is a theory that all natural phenomena can be explained by physical causes. It can be contrasted with vitalism, the philosophical theory that vital forces are active in living organisms, so that life cannot be explained solely by mechanism.
The doctrine of mechanism in philosophy comes in two different flavors: universal mechanism and anthropic mechanism. They are both doctrines of metaphysics, but they are different in scope and ambitions: (...)