Therapy, Toxics and drugs

• carbamazepine
  22 January 2010

  Use
  Carbamazepine (Tegretol) has been used for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgias since 1960. Since carbamazepine received approval for use as an antiepileptic agent in the United States in 1974, it became widely used for the management of partial or tonic-clonic epilepsy.
  Carbamazepine is also used as a treatment for patients with manic-depressive illness, postherpetic neuralgia, and phantom limb pain. Some of the available dosage forms for carbamazepine include 100-mg and 200-mg (...)

• nitrofurantoin
  15 June 2009

  Nitrofurantoin is used to treat urinary tract infections. The hepatic injury can manifest as self-limited acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, and rarely as hepatic failure.
  Chronic hepatitis can be indistinguishable from de novo AIH and is often associated with ANA and SMA.
  Discontinuation of the drug generally leads to clinical and biochemical improvement.
  In some cases, the disease may progress despite drug withdrawal. In contrast to minocycline, significant fibrosis and cirrhosis can (...)

• pazopanib
  2 June 2009

  Pazopanib (GW786034)

• ixabepilone
  2 June 2009

  azaepothilone B, BMS-247550

• sunitinib
  2 June 2009

  Definition: Sunitinib (marketed as Sutent, and previously known as SU11248) is an oral, small-molecule, multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase (RTKs) inhibitor (multiRTKs inhibitors).
  Sunitinib was approved by the FDA for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) on January 26, 2006.
  The concept was of a ATP analogue that would compete with ATP for binding to the catalytic site of receptor tyrosine kinases. This concept led (...)

• sorafenib
  2 June 2009

  Nexavar WP
  Definition: Sorafenib is a small molecular inhibitor of several protein kinases (multikinase inhibitor).
  Sorafenib (co-developed and co-marketed by Bayer and Onyx Pharmaceuticals as Nexavar), is a drug approved for the treatment of primary kidney cancer (advanced renal cell carcinoma) and advanced primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma).
  Protein kinases are overactive in many of the molecular pathways include Raf kinase, PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor), VEGF (...)

• cyclosporin
  27 March 2009

  ciclosporin

• macrolide
  27 March 2009

  The macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) whose activity stems from the presence of a macrolide ring, a large macrocyclic lactone ring to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached.
  The lactone rings are usually 14, 15 or 16-membered. Macrolides belong to the polyketide class of natural products.
  Members
  Common antibiotic macrolides
  Azithromycin (Zithromax, Zitromax, Sumamed) - Unique, does not inhibit CYP3A4 Clarithromycin (...)

• tacrolimus
  27 March 2009

  Tacrolimus (also FK-506 or Fujimycin) is an immunosuppressive drug whose main use is after allogenic organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patient’s immune system and so the risk of organ rejection.
  It is also used in a topical preparation in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis (eczema), severe refractory uveitis after bone marrow transplants, and the skin condition vitiligo.
  It is a 23-membered macrolide lactone discovered in 1984 from the fermentation broth of a Japanese (...)

• sirolimus
  27 March 2009

  Definition: Sirolimus (INN), also known as rapamycin, is an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation; it is especially useful in kidney transplants (WKP).
  A macrolide, Sirolimus was first discovered as a product of the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus in a soil sample from Easter Island, an island also known as "Rapa Nui", hence the name.
  It is marketed under the trade name Rapamune by Wyeth.
  Sirolimus was originally developed as an antifungal agent. (...)

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