Spondylocostal dysostosis is a congenital disorder characterized by multiple malformations of the vertebrae and ribs.
Spondylocostal dysostosis encompasses a spectrum of vertebral abnormalities ranging from spina bifida occulta to large meningomyelocele and from mild to severe thoracic deformities that produce pulmonary hypoplasia and respiratory insufficiency.
Synopsis
thoracic scoliosis
vertebral malformations
costal malformations
very short trunk
disproportionately long extremities
mild prognathism
low-set ears
hemivertebrae
block vertebrae
severe thoracic lordosis
absent sacrum
posterior fusion of some ribs with greater distance among them in the anterior thorax
relatively long extremities
Associations
left-sided diaphragmatic hernia (10204217)
thoracolumbar meningomyelocele (8159620)
imperforate anus (8159620)
severe pulmonary hypoplasia (8159620)
perinatal death (8159620)
Types
autosomal recessive spondylocostal dysostosis type 1 (SCDO1)
- 19q13: mutation in the DLL3 gene (MIM.602768)
autosomal recessive spondylocostal dysostosis type 2 (SCDO2)
- 15q26.1: mutations in the MESP2 gene (MIM.605195)
autosomal recessive spondylocostal dysostosis type 3 (SCDO3)
- 7p22: mutations in the LFNG gene (MIM.602576)
These three genes are important components of the Notch signaling pathway.