Nucleic acids

Articles

• DNA hypermethylation
  25 November 2003

  Cancers often exhibit an aberrant methylation of gene promoter regions that is associated with loss of gene function.
  This DNA change constitutes a heritable state, not mediated by altered nucleotide sequence, that appears to be tightly linked to the formation of transcriptionally repressive chromatin.
  Mechanisms of DNA hypermethylation
  The underlying mechanisms for the initiation and targeting of ectopic hypermethylation are not known, although it has been suggested that DNMTs may (...)

• heterochromatin
  20 November 2003

  Heterochromatin is one of the two forms of Chromatin, the assembly of DNA and DNA-associated proteins which forms chromosomes, with euchromatin being the other form.
  Genes that lie within heterochromatin are generally silenced. DNA packaged in heterochromatin usually is densely compacted (which results in intense staining with DNA-binding dyes), late replicating within the cell cycle relative to euchromatin, and localized to the periphery of the nucleus.
  A particular set of protein (...)

• 3’ UTR
  28 May 2004

  References
  Kuersten S, Goodwin EB. The power of the 3’ UTR: translational control and development. Nat Rev Genet. 2003 Aug;4(8):626-37. PMID: #12897774#

• mtDNA in phylogeny
  14 November 2003

  mitochondrial DNA in phylogeny

• non-coding DNA
  19 August 2004

  non-coding genome

• premature centromere division
  25 November 2003

  A rare association of embryonal genitourinary tumor(s) with cerebral malformations has been reported in eight infants with variegated mosaic aneuploidy (VMA) and premature centromere division.
  The authors report a new case of cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma associated with VMA, premature centromere division, microcephalus, Dandy-Walker malformation, and cataracts. (...)

• ribosomal RNA
  2 December 2003

  The mammalian ribosome is composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 different ribsomal proteins (RPs).
  In the eukaryotic ribosomal RNA processing pathway, a complex of ten riboexonucleases called the exosome that plays a central role in the precise formation of the 3’ ends of several types of RNAs.
  The exosome also destroys excess ribosomal RNA precursors and unused intermediates and degrades poly(A)-mRNAs in the cytoplasm.
  In the nucleus, the complex appears to function in a (...)

• nondisjonction
  22 November 2003

  References
  Koehler KE, Hawley RS, Sherman S, Hassold T. Recombination and nondisjunction in humans and flies. Hum Mol Genet. 1996;5 Spec No:1495-504. PMID: #8875256#

• siRNAs
  20 September 2004

  short interfering RNA (siRNA), short RNAs (sRNAs)
  The importance of short (<200 nt) RNAs in cell biogenesis has been well documented. These short RNAs include crucial classes of molecules such as transfer RNAs, small nuclear RNA, microRNAs, and many others.
  The realm of functional RNAs that fall within this size range is growing to include less well-characterized RNAs such as short RNAs found at the promoters and 3’ termini of genes, short RNAs involved in paramutation, and others. (...)

• small RNAs
  18 July 2004

  sRNAs

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