Molecular groups

Articles

• fatty acids
  25 October 2004

  Fatty acids provide highly efficient energy storage, storing much more energy for their weight than carbohydrates like glucose.
  Fatty acids are stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue, in which each triglyceride molecule contains three fatty acids and one glycerol. Triglycerides form fatty droplets that exclude water and take up minimal space.
  Fatty acids are also more highly reduced than carbohydrates, so they provide more energy during oxidation. The efficiency of energy storage in (...)

• polycomb group proteins
  15 September 2003

  PcG proteins, PcGs, polycomb silencers

• histones
  16 July 2003

  histone proteins

• desmosomal cadherins
  14 July 2003

  The desmosomal cadherins are potential cell adhesion molecules of the desmosome type of cell junction by virtue of their homology to the cadherin class of cell adhesion molecules.
  Two classes of desmosomal cadherins are known, namely, the desmogleins (DSGs) and the desmocollins (DSCs) (MIM.125645).
  References
  Huber O. Structure and function of desmosomal proteins and their role in development and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2003 Sep;60(9):1872-90. PMID: #14523549#
  Furukawa F, Takigawa (...)

• vitamins
  16 September 2003

  A vitamin is a compound that can not be synthesized by a given organism but is nonetheless vital to its survival or health. These compounds must be absorbed, or eaten, but typically only in trace quantities.
  When originally proposed by Casimir Funk, a Polish biochemist, he believed them to all be basic and therefore named them vital amines. The "l" was later dropped to form the word vitamines.
  Members (Examples)
  vitamin A
  vitamin B1
  vitamin B12
  vitamin C
  vitamin D3
  vitamin E (...)

• Rho GTPases
  22 September 2003

  Rho GTPases, Rho family GTPases, Rho family small GTPases

• mucin-like glycoproteins
  7 February 2006

  Mucin-like glycoproteins, such as heparan sulfate, serve as ligands for the leukocyte adhesion molecule called CD44. These glycoproteins are found in the extracellular matrix and on cell surfaces.
  Examples
  GlyCAM-1
  PSGL-1 (SELPLG)
  ESL-1 (GLG1)
  CD34
  heparan sulfate
  See also
  sialomucins

• lipofuscins
  8 January 2006

  Lipofuscin is the name given to brown pigment granules composed of lipid-containing residues of lysosomal digestion.
  Lipofuscin pigment granules represent undigested material derived from intracellular lipid peroxidation.
  Aging
  It is considered one of the aging or "wear and tear" pigments. Lipofuscin deposits are found in the liver, kidney, heart muscle, adrenals, nerve cells, and ganglion cells. "Liver spots" commonly associated with aging are superficial dermal lipofuscin deposits. (...)

• eicosanoids
  30 April 2004

  The eicosanoids are a family of lipophilic hormones derived from the twenty carbon fatty acid arachidonic acid.
  Most members of this family are rapidly metabolized near their site of synthesis, so they act locally on neighboring cells, not distant parts of the body. They are also not stored in cells, but synthesized rapidly in response to stimuli, making regulation of their synthesis a key to their activity.
  Many drugs act through modulating the production of eicosanoids or modulating (...)

• proteoglycans
  16 September 2003

  Definition: Proteoglycans are a class of glycoproteins that are heavily glycosylated. They consist of a core protein with one or more covalently attached glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain(s). Proteoglycans are specialized glycoproteins with heterogeneous structures that are found in all connective tissues and on cell surfaces.
  These glycosaminoglycan chains (GAGs) are long, linear carbohydrate polymers that are negatively charged under physiological conditions, due to the occurrence of sulfate (...)

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