Molecular processes

Articles

• exonic skipping
  14 April 2004

  exon skipping

• transcription-coupled NER
  26 March 2006

  TCNER, transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair, transcription coupled repair (TCR)

• unfolded protein response
  14 January 2006

  UPR, unfolded-protein response
  The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) responds to the accumulation of unfolded proteins in its lumen (ER stress) by activating intracellular signal transduction pathways, cumulatively called the unfolded protein response (UPR).
  Together, at least three mechanistically distinct arms of the UPR regulate the expression of numerous genes that function within the secretory pathway but also affect broad aspects of cell fate and the metabolism of proteins, amino acids and (...)

• protein refolding
  16 February 2006

  Videos
  Protein folding
  References
  Soto C: Protein misfolding and disease; protein refolding and therapy. FEBS Lett 498:204, 2001.

• DNA damage sensing
  3 March 2006

  DNA damage sensing
  To function properly, cell-cycle checkpoints require sensors of DNA damage, signal transducers, and effector molecules. The sensors and transducers of DNA damage appear to be similar for the G1/S and G2/M checkpoints.
  They include, as sensors, proteins of the RAD family and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and as transducers, the CHK kinase families. The checkpoint effector molecules differ, depending on the cell-cycle stage at which they act.
  In the G1/S (...)

• RNA silencing
  24 May 2005

  Definition: Small non-coding RNAs have rapidly emerged as important contributors to gene regulation. To carry out their biological functions, these small RNAs require a unique class of proteins called Argonautes.
  RNA silencing was discovered in plants as a mechanism whereby invading nucleic acids, such as transgenes and viruses, are silenced through the action of small (20-26 nt) homologous RNA molecules.
  Endogenous silencing pathways have important roles in gene regulation at the (...)

• cotranslational protein processing
  1 February 2006

  References
  Drenth JP, Martina JA, van de Kerkhof R, Bonifacino JS, Jansen JB. Polycystic liver disease is a disorder of cotranslational protein processing. Trends Mol Med. 2005 Jan;11(1):37-42. PMID: #15649821#

• transcriptional derepression
  2 July 2004

  Pathology
  Familial Alzheimer disease
  Rett syndrome
  Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome
  facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
  References
  Gabellini D, Green MR, Tupler R. When enough is enough: genetic diseases associated with transcriptional derepression. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2004 Jun;14(3):301-7. PMID: #15172674#

• transcription elongation
  2 July 2004

  References
  Belotserkovskaya R, Reinberg D. Facts about FACT and transcript elongation through chromatin. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2004 Apr;14(2):139-46. PMID: #15196460#

• overexpression
  7 October 2005

  genic overexpression

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