Molecular processes

Articles

• transcription-coupled NER
  26 March 2006

  TCNER, transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair, transcription coupled repair (TCR)

• DNA damage responses
  10 May 2009

  DNA damage responses (DDR) encompass DNA repair and signal transduction pathways that effect cell cycle checkpoint arrest and/or apoptosis.
  When the genomic DNA of eukaryotic cells becomes damaged by spontaneous processes, chemical mutagens, or sunlight exposure, the replication of damaged DNA triggers a cellular response called a post-replication checkpoint.
  This response prevents cell cycle progression until post-replication repair processes are completed, and may control the activity (...)

• bacterial invasion
  30 November 2003

  References
  Cossart P, Pizarro-Cerda J, Lecuit M. Invasion of mammalian cells by Listeria monocytogenes : functional mimicry to subvert cellular functions. Trends Cell Biol. 2003 Jan ;13(1):23-31. PMID : #12480337#

• RNA silencing
  24 May 2005

  Definition: Small non-coding RNAs have rapidly emerged as important contributors to gene regulation. To carry out their biological functions, these small RNAs require a unique class of proteins called Argonautes.
  RNA silencing was discovered in plants as a mechanism whereby invading nucleic acids, such as transgenes and viruses, are silenced through the action of small (20-26 nt) homologous RNA molecules.
  Endogenous silencing pathways have important roles in gene regulation at the (...)

• SUMOylation
  13 February 2006

  sumoylation

• overexpression
  7 October 2005

  genic overexpression

• protein refolding
  16 February 2006

  Videos
  Protein folding
  References
  Soto C: Protein misfolding and disease; protein refolding and therapy. FEBS Lett 498:204, 2001.

• DNA damage sensing
  3 March 2006

  DNA damage sensing
  To function properly, cell-cycle checkpoints require sensors of DNA damage, signal transducers, and effector molecules. The sensors and transducers of DNA damage appear to be similar for the G1/S and G2/M checkpoints.
  They include, as sensors, proteins of the RAD family and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and as transducers, the CHK kinase families. The checkpoint effector molecules differ, depending on the cell-cycle stage at which they act.
  In the G1/S (...)

• transcriptional derepression
  2 July 2004

  Pathology
  Familial Alzheimer disease
  Rett syndrome
  Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome
  facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
  References
  Gabellini D, Green MR, Tupler R. When enough is enough: genetic diseases associated with transcriptional derepression. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2004 Jun;14(3):301-7. PMID: #15172674#

• DNA recombination
  13 July 2003

  References
  Kauppi L, Jeffreys AJ, Keeney S. Where the crossovers are: recombination distributions in mammals. nNat Rev Genet. 2004 Jun;5(6):413-24. PMID: #15153994#
  Stumpf MP, McVean GA. Estimating recombination rates from population-genetic data. Nat Rev Genet. 2003 Dec;4(12):959-68. PMID: #14631356#
  Koehler KE, Hawley RS, Sherman S, Hassold T. Recombination and nondisjunction in humans and flies. Hum Mol Genet. 1996;5 Spec No:1495-504. PMID: (...)

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