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synovium
Saturday 19 November 2005
Adj. synovial. Normal synovium.; stratum synoviale ; synovium; synovial membrane
WKP |
Definition: The synovial membrane is a specialized connective tissue that lines the inner surface of capsules of synovial joints and tendon sheath.
Components
synovial cells / synoviocytes
connective tissue
Localization
articular synovium
synovial bursa
tendon sheath
Functions
The synovial membrane makes direct contact with the synovial fluid lubricant, which it is primarily responsible for maintaining.
In contact with the synovial fluid at the tissue surface are many rounded macrophage-like synovial cells (type A) and fibroblast-like (type B) synovial cells.
Type A cells maintains the synovial fluid by removing wear-and-tear debris and type B cells produces hyaluronan among other extracellular components in the synovial fluid.
Cases
Case 258 : Normal synovium
Structure
The synovial membrane is variable but often has two layers :
The inner layer (in contact with synovial fluid), or intima, consists of a sheet of cells thinner than a piece of paper, the synovial cells.
The outer layer, or subintima, can be of almost any type of connective tissue – fibrous (dense collagenous type ), adipose tissue (fatty; e.g. in intra-articular fat pads ) or areolar tissue (loose collagenous type ).
Pathology
synovial pathology
- synovial anomalies
- synovial diseases
- synovial tumors
Examples
synovial proliferative disorders
- pigmented villonodular synovitis
- giant cell tumor of tendon sheath
- hemosiderotic synovitis
- fatty infiltration of the synovial membrane
intrasynovial cartilaginous lesions
- primary and secondary synovial chondromatosis
crystal deposition diseases
response of synovial tissues to implanted foreign materials used in large and small joint arthroplasty
See also
joints
- synovial fluid
synovitis
- tenosynovitis
Open References
Pathology of the Synovium