Heterotrimeric G proteins (G proteins) mediate signalling from a superfamily of heptahelical receptors (G-protein-coupled receptors) to a smaller number of effector units that include adenylyl cyclases, phospholipase C and various ion channels.
Types
small GTPases
Ras GTPases
Rho GTPases
Rab GTPases
Ral GTPases
Ran GTPases
Arf-like GTPases
Function
cellular signaling
embryonic development
Pathology (G-protein diseases)
mutation in ARHGEF10 (8p23) in Slowed nerve-conduction velocities (NCVs). ARHGEF10 encodes a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the Rho family of GTPase proteins (RhoGTPases) (12934201)
References
Malbon CC. G proteins in development. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Sep;6(9):689-701. PMID: 16231420
Zheng Y. G protein control of microtubule assembly. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2004;20:867-94. PMID: 15473863
Lania A, Mantovani G, Spada A. G protein mutations in endocrine diseases. Eur J Endocrinol. 2001 Nov;145(5):543-59. PMID: 11720871
Farfel Z, Bourne HR, Iiri T. The expanding spectrum of G protein diseases. N Engl J Med. 1999 Apr 1;340(13):1012-20. PMID: 10099144
