B-cell lymphomas
B-cell lymphomas
Chromosomal translocations involving the immunoglobulin loci are a hallmark of many types of B-cell lymphoma. Other factors, however, also have important roles in the pathogenesis of B-cell malignancies.
Most B-cell lymphomas depend on the expression of a B-cell receptor (BCR) for survival, and in several B-cell malignancies antigen activation of lymphoma cells through BCR signalling seems to be an important factor for lymphoma pathogenesis.
WHO classification 2008 (The mature B-cell neoplasms)
chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma
B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia
splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (SMZBCL)
hairy cell leukemia
splenic lymphoma/leukemia, unclassifiable
- splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma
- hairy cell leukemia variant
lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
- Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
heavy chain diseases
- alpha heavy chain disease
- gammaheavy chain disease
- mu heavy chain disease
plasma cell myeloma
solitary plasmocytoma of the bone
extraosseous plasmocytoma
extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (extranodal MZBCL) (MALT lymphoma)
nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (nodal MZBCL)
follicular lymphoma (follicular B-cell lymphoma, follicle centre cell lymphoma)
- pediatric type follicular lymphoma
primary cutaneous follicle centre cell lymphoma
mantle cell lymphoma
diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), not othrwise specified (NOS)
- T cell/histiocyte rich large B-cell lymphoma
- DLBCL with chronic inflammation
- EBV+ DLBCL of the elderly
lymphomatoid granulomatosis
primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma
intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
primary cutaneous DLBCL, leg type
ALK+ large B-cell lymphoma
plasmablastic lymphoma
primary effusion lymphoma
large B-cell lymphoma arising in HHV8-associated multicentric Castleman disease
Burkitt lymphoma
B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between DLBCL and Burkitt lymphoma
B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between DLBCL and classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma
nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
classical Hodgkin lymphoma
- nodular sclerosis classical Hodgkin lymphoma
- lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma
- mixed cellularity classical Hodgkin lymphoma
- lymphocyte-depleted classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Localization
nodal lymphomas
extra-nodal lymphomas
- cutaneous lymphomas
- salivary lymphomas
- digestive lymphomas
- pulmonary lymphomas
Cytogenetics
Chromosomal translocations involving the immunoglobulin loci are a hallmark of many types of B-cell lymphoma. Other factors, however, also have important roles in the pathogenesis of B-cell malignancies.
Most B-cell lymphomas depend on the expression of a B-cell receptor (BCR) for survival, and in several B-cell malignancies antigen activation of lymphoma cells through BCR signalling seems to be an important factor for lymphoma pathogenesis.
1q12-22 rearrangements (#12378526#)
- Abnormalities of chromosome arm 1q have frequently been reported in B-cell lymphomas and correlated with poor outcome.
- Five genes mapped to this region (BCL9, MUC1, FCGR2B, IRTA1, and RTA2) have been shown to be deregulated by juxtaposition with the IG genes.
- Other anomalies of the 1q21-22 region are not involved in translocations with the IG genes.
- 1q12-22 breaks
- dup(1)(q12-21q32)
- trp(1)(q12q32)
See also
Leukemias
Lymphomas
plasma cell neoplasms (plasmocytic tumors)
Reviews
Kuppers R. Mechanisms of B-cell lymphoma pathogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer. 2005 Apr;5(4):251-262. PMID: #15803153#
Ramsay M. Gene expression profiling to predict lymphoma outcome. Trends Mol Med. 2002 Apr;8(4):159. PMID: #11927271#
Arber DA. Molecular diagnostic approach to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Mol Diagn. 2000 Nov;2(4):178-90. PMID: #11232108#
Staudt LM. Molecular diagnosis of the hematologic cancers. N Engl J Med. 2003 May 1;348(18):1777-85. PMID: #12724484#
Küppers R. Mechanisms of B-cell lymphoma pathogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 2005;5:251-262. PMID: #15803153#
O’Neil J, Look AT. Mechanisms of transcription factor deregulation in lymphoid cell transformation. Oncogene 2007;26:6838-6849. PMID: #17934490#
References
Itoyama T, Nanjungud G, Chen W, Dyomin VG, Teruya-Feldstein J, Jhanwar SC, Zelenetz AD, Chaganti RS. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of genomic instability at the 1q12-22 chromosomal site in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2002 Dec;35(4):318-28. PMID: #12378526#