KRAS

Pathology

 KRAS germline mutations in

• Noonan syndrome (16474405)
• cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome

 KRAS somatic mutations in

• pulmonary carcinomas
• mammary carcinomas
• pancreatic carcinomas (KRAS-G12D )
• gastric carcinomas
• acute myeloblastic leukemia
• rhabdomyosarcomas (4.5%) (16518851)
• Rosai-Dorfman disease (KRAS K117N) (26922062)

 KRAS amplification

• colorectal cancer (colorectal adenocarcinoma) (23404247)

Biotechs

 KRAS pyrosequencing at Biotage

See also

 RASs: HRAF, KRAS, NRAS
 RAF

References

 Rosai-Dorfman Disease Harboring an Activating KRAS K117N Missense Mutation.
Shanmugam V, Margolskee E, Kluk M, Giorgadze T, Orazi A. Head Neck Pathol. 2016 Feb 27. PMID: 26922062

 KRAS gene amplification in colorectal cancer and impact on response to EGFR-targeted therapy. Valtorta E, Misale S, Sartore-Bianchi A, Nagtegaal ID, Paraf F, Lauricella C, Dimartino V, Hobor S, Jacobs B, Ercolani C, Lamba S, Scala E, Veronese S, Laurent-Puig P, Siena S, Tejpar S, Mottolese M, Punt CJ, Gambacorta M, Bardelli A, Di Nicolantonio F. Int J Cancer. 2013 Feb 12. doi : 10.1002/ijc.28106 PMID: 23404247

 Chen Y, Takita J, Hiwatari M, Igarashi T, Hanada R, Kikuchi A, Hongo T, Taki T, Ogasawara M, Shimada A, Hayashi Y. Mutations of the PTPN11 and RAS genes in rhabdomyosarcoma and pediatric hematological malignancies. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2006 Jun;45(6):583-91. PMID: 16518851

 Repasky GA, Chenette EJ, Der CJ. Renewing the conspiracy theory debate: does Raf function alone to mediate Ras oncogenesis? Trends Cell Biol. 2004 Nov;14(11):639-47. PMID: 15519853

 Schubbert S, Zenker M, Rowe SL, Boll S, Klein C, Bollag G, van der Burgt I, Musante L, Kalscheuer V, Wehner LE, Nguyen H, West B, Zhang KY, Sistermans E, Rauch A, Niemeyer CM, Shannon K, Kratz CP. Germline KRAS mutations cause Noonan syndrome. Nat Genet. 2006 Feb 12; PMID: 16474405

 Niihori T, Aoki Y, Narumi Y, Neri G, Cave H, Verloes A, Okamoto N, Hennekam RC, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Wieczorek D, Kavamura MI, Kurosawa K, Ohashi H, Wilson L, Heron D, Bonneau D, Corona G, Kaname T, Naritomi K, Baumann C, Matsumoto N, Kato K, Kure S, Matsubara Y. Germline KRAS and BRAF mutations in cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome.
Nat Genet. 2006 Feb 12; PMID: 16474404