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immune checkpoint inhibitors
Sunday 2 November 2014
immune checkpoint blockade; immune checkpoint inhibitors; immune checkpoint inhibition; PD-L1 inhibitor; PD-1 inhibitor; PD-L1 inhibitors; immune blockade ; immune checkpoint blockers
Examples
atezolizumab (Yervoy)
nivolumab (Opdivo)
pembrolizumab (Keytruda)
atezolizumab (Tecentriq)
ipilimumab
pidilizumab
durvalumab
Images
https://twitter.com/MedicalAbacus/status/849353365582696448
A ligand-receptor interaction that has been investigated as a target for cancer treatment is the interaction between the transmembrane programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1; also known as CD279) and its ligand, PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1).
In normal physiology, PD-L1 on the surface of a cell binds to PD1 on the surface of an immune cell, which inhibits the activity of the immune cell.
It appears that upregulation of PD-L1 on the cancer cell surface may allow them to evade the host immune system by inhibiting T cells that might otherwise attack the tumor cell.
Antibodies that bind to either PD-1 or PD-L1 and therefore block the interaction may allow the T-cells to attack the tumor. Initial clinical trial results with an IgG4 PD1 antibody called nivolumab were published in 2010.
Side effects
immune checkpoint blockade dysimmune toxicities. http://linkis.com/wJWbK
PD1 inhibitiors-associated pneumonitis
See also
targeted immunotherapy
Open references
Management of immune checkpoint blockade dysimmune toxicities: a collaborative position paper. 2017. http://linkis.com/wJWbK doi : 10.1093/annonc/mdv623
Paywall References
http://www.nature.com/bjc/journal/v108/n8/full/bjc2013117a.html
