Giardia

Definition: Giardia lamblia (synonymous with Lamblia intestinalis and Giardia duodenalis) is a flagellated protozoan parasite that colonizes and reproduces in the small intestine, causing giardiasis / lambliasis .

Images

 Giardia / lamblia

• https://twitter.com/JMGardnerMD/status/764512091449417728
• https://twitter.com/Konzult_/status/796219284204777472
• https://twitter.com/DraEosina/status/839144503290302464

Digital cases

 Case 40 (HPC:40) : Duodenal lambliasis (Duodenal giardiasis)
 Case 173 (HPC:173) : Duodenal lambliasis (Duodenal giardiasis)

The giardia parasite attaches to the epithelium by a ventral adhesive disc, and reproduces via binary fission. Giardiasis does not spread via the bloodstream, nor does it spread to other parts of the gastro-intestinal tract, but remains confined to the lumen of the small intestine.

Giardia trophozoites absorb their nutrients from the lumen of the small intestine, and are anaerobes. If the organism is split and stained, it has a very characteristic pattern that resembles a familiar "smiley face" symbol.

Chief pathways of human infection include ingestion of untreated sewage, a phenomenon particularly common in many developing countries; contamination of natural waters also occurs in watersheds where intensive grazing occurs.

See also

 infectious agents
 protozooses