Home > E. Pathology by systems > Reproductive system > Fetus and annexes > Embryo and fetus > non-immune hydrops fetalis
non-immune hydrops fetalis
Wednesday 3 January 2007
Nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) or generalized soft tissue edema and cavity effusions may be due to cardiovascular diseases, congenital infections, genitourinary malformations, thoracic masses, placental conditions, chromosomal abnormalities, and idiopathic. NIHF is observed in 7.5% of neonates who underwent autopsies.
Etiology
cardiovascular disease (50%) with low output cardiac failure
- structural congenital heart disease
- cardiomyopathies: oncocytic, dilated, endocardial fibroelastosis, cardiac glycogenosis, and carnitine deficiency
- myocarditis
- cardiac rhabdomyomas
congenital infections
- cytomegalovirus
- bacteria
- parvovirus
genitourinary diseases
- congenital nephrotic syndrome
- VACTER association
- prune-belly syndrome
- urogenital sinus malformation
intrathoracic lesions
- pulmonary sequestration
- diaphragmatic hernia
genetic metabolic diseases
- Gaucher disease
volume overload due to twin transfusion syndrome
References
Rodriguez MM, Bruce JH, Jimenez XF, Romaguera RL, Bancalari E, Garcia OL, Ferrer PL. Nonimmune hydrops fetalis in the liveborn: series of 32 autopsies. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2005 May-Jun;8(3):369-78. PMID: 16010481
