Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of physiological angiogenesis during embryogenesis, skeletal growth and reproductive functions. VEGF has also been implicated in pathological angiogenesis associated with tumors, intraocular neovascular disorders and other conditions.

The biological effects of VEGF are mediated by two receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, which differ considerably in signaling properties.

Non-signaling co-receptors also modulate VEGF RTK signaling. Currently, several VEGF inhibitors are undergoing clinical testing in several malignancies.

Pathology

 mutations in the VEGFR3 gene coding for the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 in congenital lymphedema or Milroy's disease

References

 Ferrara N, Gerber HP, LeCouter J. The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med. 2003 Jun;9(6):669-76. PMID: #12778165#

 Rabbany SY, Heissig B, Hattori K, Rafii S. Molecular pathways regulating mobilization of marrow-derived stem cells for tissue revascularization. Trends Mol Med. 2003 Mar;9(3):109-17. PMID: #12657432#

 Ferrara N, Gerber HP, LeCouter J. The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med. 2003 Jun;9(6):669-76. PMID: #12778165#