Definition: Infections by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Predisposition factors

 asplenia

• congenital asplenia
• splenic hypoplasia
• splenectomy

 primary immunodeficiencies (primary immunodeficiency diseases)

• most if not all B-cell defects (whether due to an intrinsic B-cell anomaly or an impaired T-cell help)
• deficiencies of early components of the classical pathway of complement and C3 deficiency
• anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency (caused by impaired NF-kappaB activation)
• interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-4 deficiency

• other complement deficiencies
  • alternative
  • third pathway

• hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome

References

 Picard C, Puel A, Bustamante J, Ku CL, Casanova JL. Primary immunodeficiencies associated with pneumococcal disease. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003 Dec;3(6):451-9. PMID: #14612669#