Etiology (Exemples)

 X-linked radial aplasia
 VATER association (VACTERL association)
 Pallister-Hall syndrome
 Cateye syndrome
 Duane anomaly and thenar hypoplasia or Duane-radial ray syndrome or Okihiro syndrome (MIM.607323) (SALL4 mutations)
 Fanconi syndrome (Fanconi anemia)
 craniosynostosis with radial defects

• Baller-Gerold syndrome (MIM.218600)
• Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS) (MIM.101400)

 hemifacial microsomia with radial defects (Goldenhar syndrome with radial defects) (MIM.141400)
 IVIC syndrome (oculootoradial syndrome) (MIM.147750)
 congenital posterior dislocation of radial heads (MIM.179200)
 X-linked radial ray deficiency (MIM.300378)
 radial apladia with cleft lip/palate (MIM.179400)
 X-linked dominant syndrome of radioulnar synostosis and radial ray abnormalities with severe malformations in the male and milder features in females (MIM.300233)
 radialrenal syndrome (MIM.179280)

Association

 cleft lip/palate (MIM.179400)
 renal anomalies (#6829604#)

• renal agenesis (MIM.179280)
• renal ectopia (MIM.179280)

See also

 radial ray aplasia