Classification

 AML with recurrent cytogenetic anomalies

• AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22) (AML1/ETO fusion gene)
• AML with inv(16)(p13q22) or t(16;16)(p13;q22) (CBFbeta/MUH11 gene fusion)
• AML with 11q23 rearrangements (MLL-associated leukemias)

 AML with multilineage dysplasia

• with prior myelodysplastic syndrome
• without prior myelodysplastic syndrome

 therapy-related AML and myelodysplastic syndrome

• alkylating agent-related AML and myelodysplastic syndrome
• topoisomerase II inhibitor-related AML and myelodysplastic syndrome

 AML not otherwise categorised

• minimally differentiated acute myeloid leukemia
• acute myeloid leukemia without maturation
• acute myeloid leukemia with maturation
• acute myelomonocytic leukemia
• acute monoblastic leukemia and acute monocytic leukemia
• acute erythroid leukemia (AML M6)
• acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AML M7)
• acute basophilic leukemia
• acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis
• myeloid sarcoma

Molecular biology

Four genes had been found to be fused to a variety of partner genes in AML:

 AML1 (RUNX1) (MIM.151385)

 MLL (MIM.159555)

 MOZ (MIM.601408)

 TEL (ETV6) (MIM.600618)

 NUP98 (MIM.601021) - NUP98/HOXD11 by t(2;11)(q31;p15) (MIM.142986) - NUP98/HOXD13 (MIM.142989)

11q23 - MLL

Translocations involving 11q23 are acute monoblastic leukemia (AML-M5) and acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML-M4)

 MLL/GMPS
 MLL/FBP17
 MLL/LPP
 MLL/GPH
 MLL/PNUTL1
 MLL/CDK6
 MLL/LASP1
 MLL/GRAF
 MLL/ABI1
 MLL/AF9 fusion gene from translocation t(9;11)(p22;q23)

References

 Nerlov C. C/EBPalpha mutations in acute myeloid leukaemias. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004 May;4(5):394-400. PMID: #15122210#

 Tenen DG. Disruption of differentiation in human cancer: AML shows the way. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 Feb;3(2):89-101. PMID: #12563308#

 Vardiman JW, Harris NL, Brunning RD. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the myeloid neoplasms. Blood. 2002 Oct 1;100(7):2292-302. PMID: #12239137#