Synopsis

 atrophic and flat intestinal villi

Etiology

 hyperplastic villous atrophy

• coeliac disease (gluten-senstive enteropathy)
• chronic trauma
• small bowell transplanted as an artificial oesopahgus
• urinary ileal conduits
• adjacent to ulcers
• glucagonoma
• extensive small bowell resections
• primary ileal villous atrophy
  • microscopic colitis atrophy (#9391260#)

 hypoplastic villous atrophy (with crypt hyperplasia)

• malnutrition (kwashiorkor)
• malignancy
• untreated pernicious anemia
• Paneth cell deficiency
• hypopituitarism
• celiac disease unresponsive to gluten-free diet
• tropical sprue
• radiation-associated ischemia
• drug-induced villous atrophy
  • neomycin
  • azathioprin (#12806628#)

 villous atrophy with chorionic inflammation

• celiac disease
• severe alimentary intolerance
• congenital Crohn disease
• autoimmune enteropathy
• various enterocolitis
• immunodeficiency syndromes
  • selective IgA deficiency