Pathology

The phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and myotubularin (MTM1) represent subfamilies of protein tyrosine phosphatases whose principal physiological substrates are D3-phosphorylated inositol phospholipids.

As lipid phosphatases, PTEN- and MTM1-related (MTMR) proteins dephosphorylate the products of phosphoinositide 3-kinases and antagonize downstream effectors that utilize 3-phosphoinositides as ligands for protein targeting domains or allosteric activation.

References

 Brader S, Eccles SA. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling pathways in tumor progression, invasion and angiogenesis. Tumori. 2004 Jan-Feb;90(1):2-8. PMID: #15143962#

 Sulis ML, Parsons R. PTEN: from pathology to biology. Trends Cell Biol. 2003 Sep;13(9):478-83. PMID: #12946627#

 Wishart MJ, Dixon JE. PTEN and myotubularin phosphatases: from 3-phosphoinositide dephosphorylation to disease. Trends Cell Biol. 2002 Dec;12(12):579-85. PMID: #12495846#

 Ali IU. Gatekeeper for endometrium: the PTEN tumor suppressor gene. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000 Jun 7;92(11):861-3. PMID: #10841815#