In mammalian cells, a variety of extracellular stimuli generate intracellular signals that converge on a limited number of so-called mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs)pathways (MAPKs pathways).

The central core of each MAP kinase pathway (MAPKs pathways) is a conserved cascade of 3 protein kinases: an activated MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKKs) phosphorylates and activates a specific MAPK kinase (MAPKKs), which then activates a specific MAPK.

While the ERK-MAPKs are activated by mitogenic stimulation, the CSBP2-MAPKs (MIM.600289) and JNK-MAPKs (MIM.601158) are activated by environmental stresses such as osmotic shock, UV irradiation, wound stress, and inflammatory factors.

Members

See also

 CSBPs, ERKs, JNKs
 MAPKKs

References

 Olson JM, Hallahan AR. p38 MAP kinase: a convergence point in cancer therapy. Trends Mol Med. 2004 Mar;10(3):125-9. PMID: #15102355#

 Stork PJ, Schmitt JM. Crosstalk between cAMP and MAP kinase signaling in the regulation of cell proliferation. Trends Cell Biol. 2002 Jun;12(6):258-66. PMID: #12074885#

 Breitkreutz A, Tyers M. MAPK signaling specificity: it takes two to tango. Trends Cell Biol. 2002 Jun;12(6):254-7. PMID: #12074884#

 Kholodenko BN. MAP kinase cascade signaling and endocytic trafficking: a marriage of convenience? Trends Cell Biol. 2002 Apr;12(4):173-7. PMID: #11978536#

 Herrera R, Sebolt-Leopold JS. Unraveling the complexities of the Raf/MAP kinase pathway for pharmacological intervention. Trends Mol Med. 2002;8(4 Suppl):S27-31. PMID: #11927284#

 Papatsoris AG, Papavassiliou AG. Molecular 'palpation' of BPH: a tale of MAPK signalling? Trends Mol Med. 2001 Jul;7(7):288-92. PMID: #11425636#

 Madhani HD, Fink GR. The riddle of MAP kinase signaling specificity. Trends Genet. 1998 Apr ;14(4):151-5. PMID : #9594663#

See also

References

 Thomas GM, Huganir RL. MAPK cascade signalling and synaptic plasticity. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004 Mar;5(3):173-83. PMID: #14976517#

 Olson JM, Hallahan AR. p38 MAP kinase: a convergence point in cancer therapy. Trends Mol Med. 2004 Mar;10(3):125-9. PMID: #15102355#

 Stork PJ, Schmitt JM. Crosstalk between cAMP and MAP kinase signaling in the regulation of cell proliferation. Trends Cell Biol. 2002 Jun;12(6):258-66. PMID: #12074885#

 Breitkreutz A, Tyers M. MAPK signaling specificity: it takes two to tango. Trends Cell Biol. 2002 Jun;12(6):254-7. PMID: #12074884#

 Kholodenko BN. MAP kinase cascade signaling and endocytic trafficking: a marriage of convenience? Trends Cell Biol. 2002 Apr;12(4):173-7. PMID: #11978536#

 Herrera R, Sebolt-Leopold JS. Unraveling the complexities of the Raf/MAP kinase pathway for pharmacological intervention. Trends Mol Med. 2002;8(4 Suppl):S27-31. PMID: #11927284#

 Papatsoris AG, Papavassiliou AG. Molecular 'palpation' of BPH: a tale of MAPK signalling? Trends Mol Med. 2001 Jul;7(7):288-92. PMID: #11425636#

 Madhani HD, Fink GR. The riddle of MAP kinase signaling specificity. Trends Genet. 1998 Apr ;14(4):151-5. PMID : #9594663#