Etiology

 familial primary hyperparathyroidism

• multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
• multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A
• hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT syndrome)
• familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
• familial isolated hyperparathyroidism

 secondary hyperparathyroidism

References

 Marx SJ, Simonds WF, Agarwal SK, Burns AL, Weinstein LS, Cochran C, Skarulis MC, Spiegel AM, Libutti SK, Alexander HR Jr, Chen CC, Chang R, Chandrasekharappa SC, Collins FS. Hyperparathyroidism in hereditary syndromes: special expressions and special managements. J Bone Miner Res. 2002 Nov;17 Suppl 2:N37-43. PMID: #12412776#

 Marx SJ. Hyperparathyroid and hypoparathyroid disorders. N Engl J Med. 2000 Dec 21;343(25):1863-75. PMID: #11117980#