ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling

ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling enzymes act to alter chromatin structure during gene regulation.

Studies of the ATPase motors that drive these enzymes support the notion that they function as ATP-dependent DNA translocases with limited processivity. The action of these enzymes on nucleosomes results in the alteration of nucleosome positioning and structure.

ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling can also either remove or exchange histone dimers between nucleosomes. This provides a new means by which the incorporation of histone variants can be directed. Additional observations support roles for ATP-dependent remodelling enzymes throughout the transcription cycle.

Features

 chromatin remodeling factors
 chromatin remodeling complexes
 chromatin modifying complexes (chromatin modifiers)
 ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling

Pathology (chromatin remodeling disorders)

 X-linked alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome (ATR-X)
 Rett syndrome
 immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies syndrome (ICF)
 Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
 Coffin-Lowry syndrome
 rhabdoid tumor syndrome

References

 Hsieh J, Gage FH. Chromatin remodeling in neural development and plasticity. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2005 Dec;17(6):664-71. PMID: #16226449#

 Gibbons RJ. Histone modifying and chromatin remodelling enzymes in cancer and dysplastic syndromes. Hum Mol Genet. 2005 Apr 15;14 Spec No 1:R85-92. PMID: #15809277#

 Hodgetts R. Eukaryotic gene regulation by targeted chromatin re-modeling at dispersed, middle-repetitive sequence elements. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2004 Dec;14(6):680-5. PMID: #15531164#

 Cho KS, Elizondo LI, Boerkoel CF. Advances in chromatin remodeling and human disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2004 Jun;14(3):308-15. PMID: #15172675#

 Flaus A, Owen-Hughes T. Mechanisms for ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling: farewell to the tuna-can octamer? Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2004 Apr;14(2):165-73. PMID: #15196463#

 Ausio J, Levin DB, De Amorim GV, Bakker S, Macleod PM. Syndromes of disordered chromatin remodeling. Clin Genet. 2003 Aug;64(2):83-95. PMID: #12859401#

 Feng X, Hara Y, Riabowol K. Different HATS of the ING1 gene family. Trends Cell Biol. 2002 Nov;12(11):532-8. PMID: #12446115#

 Cairns BR. Emerging roles for chromatin remodeling in cancer biology. Trends Cell Biol. 2001 Nov;11(11):S15-21. PMID: #11684437#