Dyneins are multisubunit ATPases that participate in several important microtubule-based motilities in eukaryotic cells.
At its core, the motor is a ring-shaped object with two protruding levers: one engages cargo and might provide much of the force for movement, and the other interacts with the microtubule track. The activities of both levers are linked through nucleotide-dependent conformational changes in the ring.
Members
cytoplasmic dynein heavy chains (DNCHs)
DNCH1 | DNCH2 |
cytoplasmic dynein light chains (DNCLs)
DCNL1 |
axonemal dynein heavy chains (DNAHs)
DNAH1 | DNAH2 | DNAH3 | DNAH4 | DNAH5 | DNAH6 | DNAH7 | DNAH8 | DNAH9 | DNAH10 |
DNAH11 | DNAH12 | DNAH13 | DNAH14 | DNAH15 | DNAH16 | DNAH17 | DNAH18 |
axonemal dynein intermediate chains (DNAIs)
DNAI1 |
Function
At its core, the motor is a ring-shaped object with two protruding levers: one engages cargo and might provide much of the force for movement, and the other interacts with the microtubule track. The activities of both levers are linked through nucleotide-dependent conformational changes in the ring.
Kartagener syndrome (MIM.244400) : mutations in the axonemal dynein intermediate chain (DNAI1)(MIM.604366) (9p21-p13)
primary ciliary dyskinesia (MIM.242650) (immotile cilia syndrome)
situs inversus viscerum (MIM.270100) : mutations in axonemal heavy chain dynein 11 (DNAH11) (MIM.603339) (ch. 7)
See also:
Animations
Axonal transport: A movie from J Cell Biol
References
Koonce MP, Samso M. Of rings and levers: the dynein motor comes of age. Trends Cell Biol. 2004 Nov;14(11):612-9. PMID: #15519850#
Karcher RL, Deacon SW, Gelfand VI. Motor-cargo interactions : the key to transport specificity. Trends Cell Biol. 2002 Jan ;12(1):21-7. PMID : #11854006#
Goldstein LS. Molecular motors: from one motor many tails to one motor many tales. Trends Cell Biol. 2001 Dec;11(12):477-82. PMID: #11719052#
Asai DJ, Koonce MP. The dynein heavy chain: structure, mechanics and evolution. Trends Cell Biol. 2001 May;11(5):196-202. PMID: #11316608#