Eyes

• photoreceptor degeneration
  22 April 2004

  References
  Li T. Disease model: photoreceptor degenerations. Trends Mol Med. 2001 Mar;7(3):133-5. PMID: #11286785#

• photoreceptors
  22 April 2004

  The retina consists of three main cellular layers (right): a rod cells (R) and cone cells (C) layer or photoreceptor layer, a layer of interneurons (bipolar interneurons, horizontal interneurons, amacrine cells) and the ganglion cell layer, whose axons form the optic nerve, connecting retina and brain.
  The photoreceptors are oriented in the same plane as incoming light, which funnels through the inner to the OS.
  The outer segment contains a dense array of light-sensitive, hollow discs, (...)

• posterior embryotoxon
  12 March 2004
• chalazion
  11 March 2004

  meibomian gland lipogranuloma

• microphtalmia
  16 December 2003

  microphtalmos

• anophtalmia
  16 December 2003

  Etiology
  germ-line mutations in RAX gene (#14662654#) SOX2 gene (bilateral anophtalmia)

• congenital eye defects
  25 November 2003

  References
  Graw J. The genetic and molecular basis of congenital eye defects. Nat Rev Genet. 2003 Nov;4(11):876-88. PMID: #14634635#

• retinal dystrophies
  25 November 2003

  Exemples
  Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy (malattia leventinese) (MIM.126600)
  References
  Gregory-Evans K, Bhattacharya SS. Genetic blindness: current concepts in the pathogenesis of human outer retinal dystrophies. Trends Genet. 1998 Mar;14(3):103-8. PMID: #9540407#
  Chapple JP, Grayson C, Hardcastle AJ, Saliba RS, van der Spuy J, Cheetham ME. Unfolding retinal dystrophies: a role for molecular chaperones? Trends Mol Med. 2001 Sep;7(9):414-21. PMID: (...)

• lens
  25 November 2003

  More than 99% of the vertebrate ocular lens is comprised of terminally differentiated lens fiber cells.
  As occurs in mammalian red blood cells, lens fiber cell differentiation includes the loss of all membranous cytoplasmic organelles.
  Unlike red blood cells, however, the lens fiber cell is not destroyed after a limited life span but survives for the life of the organism. The extreme changes in cellular architecture that occur during differentiation require extensive remodeling of the (...)

• ocular development
  22 November 2003

  eye development

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