Cellular functions

Articles

• phagocytosis
  23 April 2004

  Definition: Phagocytosis is a specific form of endocytosis involving the vesicular internalization of solid particles, such as bacteria. It is therefore distinct from other forms of endocytosis such as pinocytosis, the vesicular internalization of various liquids, and recptor-dependent endocytosis.
  Phagocytosis (literally, cell-eating) is the process by which cells ingest large objects, such as cells which have undergone apoptosis, bacteria, or viruses. The membrane folds around the (...)

• cellular aging
  7 March 2004

  Cellular aging is the result of a progressive decline in the proliferative capacity and life span of cells and the effects of continuous exposure to exogenous influences that result in the progressive accumulation of cellular and molecular damage. Structural and Biochemical Changes with Cellular Aging
  A number of cell functions decline progressively with age.
  Oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondria is reduced, as is synthesis of nucleic acids and structural and enzymatic proteins, (...)

• lymphocyte migration
  1 December 2003

  References
  Reif K, Cyster J. The CDM protein DOCK2 in lymphocyte migration. Trends Cell Biol. 2002 Aug;12(8):368-73. PMID: #12191913#

• leukocyte migration
  25 January 2006

  The Src-family kinases (SFKs) Fgr and Hck inhibit chemokine signaling in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and dendritic cells by phosphorylation of PIR-B, an inhibitory receptor expressed on leukocytes.
  In resting cells, PIR-B phosphorylation is constitutive but is decreased transiently by addition of chemokines. In Fgr/Hck-deficient cells, constitutive PIR-B phosphorylation is markedly decreased.
  See also
  chemokine signaling
  cell migration
  cell invasion
  References
  Brown EJ. (...)

• leucocytic adhesion
  30 January 2005

  leucocyte adhesion, leukocyte adhesion

• lymphocyte activation
  2 December 2003

  References
  Krawczyk C, Penninger JM. Molecular controls of antigen receptor clustering and autoimmunity. Trends Cell Biol. 2001 May;11(5):212-20. PMID: #11316610#

• neutrophil phagocytosis
  14 March 2007

  Phagocytosis of microbes by professional phagocytes such as neutrophils is crucial for the survival of the host.
  Microscopically, pseudopod extension, particulate engulfment and phagosome closure all require seemingly large expansions of the cell surface area.
  See also
  membrane stretching
  lipid bilayers
  exocytosis
  phagosomal fusion with endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  phagocytosis
  neutrophils
  References
  Hallett MB, Dewitt S. Ironing out the wrinkles of neutrophil (...)

• T lymphocytes trafficking
  9 March 2004

  T cell migration

• retraction
  14 February 2006

  Cells utilize actin filaments to produce protrusive and contractile arrays that cooperate to drive cell motility.
  The generation of the two arrays and the coupling between them result from the unique properties of the lamellipodium, a protrusive leaflet of cytoplasm at the cell edge.
  From the lamellipodium into the lamella behind, there is a transition from a fast retrograde flow of actin polymer driven by polymerization to a slow flow driven by the interaction of anti-parallel arrays of (...)

• synaptic plasticity
  4 December 2003

  References
  Turrigiano GG. More than a sidekick: glia and homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Trends Mol Med. 2006 Oct;12(10):458-60. PMID: #16931159#
  Collingridge GL, Isaac JT, Wang YT. Receptor trafficking and synaptic plasticity. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004 Dec;5(12):952-62. PMID: #15550950#
  Blitz DM, Foster KA, Regehr WG. Short-term synaptic plasticity: a comparison of two synapses. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004 Aug;5(8):630-40. PMID: #15263893#
  Winder DG, Egli RE, Schramm NL, Matthews RT. (...)

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