Macroscopical anomalies

Articles

• hypertrophy
  3 June 2003

  Definition: Hypertrophy refers to an increase in the size of cells, resulting in an increase in the size of the organ.
  Pathogenesis
  The hypertrophied organ has no new cells, just larger cells. The increased size of the cells is due not to cellular swelling but to the synthesis of more structural components.
  Cells capable of division may respond to stress by undergoing both hyperplasia and hypertrophy, whereas in nondividing cells (e.g., myocardial fibers), hypertrophy occurs.
  Nuclei (...)

• Congestion
  19 December 2005

  Definition: Congestion is a passive process resulting from impaired outflow from a tissue. It may occur systemically, as in cardiac failure, or it may be local, resulting from an isolated venous obstruction. The tissue has a blue-red color (cyanosis), particularly as worsening congestion leads to accumulation of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the affected tissues.
  Localization
  cutaneous congestion
  cerebral congestion
  visceral congestion
  renal congestion
  Exemples
  acute pulmonary (...)

• Peutz-Jeghers polyps
  14 February 2005

  Localization (by frequency)
  intestinal Peutz-Jeghers polyp jejunal Peutz-Jeghers polyp ileal Peutz-Jeghers polyp duodenal Peutz-Jeghers polyp
  colonic Peutz-Jeghers polyp
  gastric Peutz-Jeghers polyp
  Synopsis
  arborizing architecture (tree-like architecture)
  prominent branching of thick smooth muscle bundles admixed with collagen in polyp lamina propria
  epithelium mitotically active
  enterocytes (absorptive cells), goblet cells, argentaffin cells, Paneth (...)

• caseous necrosis
  16 September 2005

  Caseous necrosis is a distinctive form of coagulative necrosis, is encountered most often in foci of tuberculous infection.
  The term caseous is derived from the cheesy white gross appearance of the area of necrosis.
  On microscopic examination, the necrotic focus appears as amorphous granular debris seemingly composed of fragmented, coagulated cells and amorphous granular debris enclosed within a distinctive inflammatory border known as a granulomatous reaction. Unlike coagulative (...)

• placenta circumvallata
  3 December 2004

  Circumvallate placenta ; placenta circumvallate
  Images
  circumvallate insertion - membranes away from edge, with circumferential fibrous ridge https://twitter.com/E_Heidi_Cheek/status/870832986056470528 Wikimedia
  Types
  partial placenta circumvallata
  complete placenta circumvallata
  See also
  placenta placenta extrachorialis placenta macroscopical anomalies

• endometrial polyp
  17 November 2004

  Clinical synopsis
  asymptomatic or associated with bleeding
  associated with tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer
  Macroscopy synopsis
  sessile or pedunculated mass
  cystically dilated glands
  multicystic cut surface
  Microscopy synopsis
  endometrial glands unresponsive to progesterone stimulation
  may have severe atypia
  fibrous stroma with spindled
  fibroblast-like cells
  abundant extracellular connective tissue
  polypoid shape
  attenuated surface endometrium on 3 sides (...)

• renal cysts
  13 May 2004

  Morphological types
  spherical renal cysts
  macrocysts
  microcysts
  elongated renal cysts
  According to cyst types
  renal glomerular cysts (glomerulocysts)
  renal tubular cysts (tubulocysts)
  renal simple cysts
  renal peripheral cortical cysts
  renal tumoral cysts ( renal cystic tumors )
  According to cysts localization
  renal medullary cysts
  renal cortical cysts
  renal diffuse cysts
  According to the number of cysts
  unique renal cyst (unilocular renal cyst)
  multiple renal (...)

• nodules
  26 November 2004

  macroscopical nodule
  Size
  nodules macroscopical nodules microscopical nodules
  Types
  necrotic nodules
  cystic nodules
  fibrous nodule / fibrous nodules
  mural nodules
  Appearance
  sharply circumscribed nodule / well circumscribed nodule
  ill circumscribed nodule
  blue ball nodule
  Etiology
  dysimmune nodules rhumatoid nodules
  parasitic nodules
  tumoral nodules mural nodules
  metabolic nodules tophus (gout )
  Localization
  cutaneous nodules
  subcutaneous (...)

• cystocele
  7 January 2005

  Cystic hernia

• cardiovascular anomalies
  15 December 2005

  Localization
  cardiac anomalies
  vascular anomalies arterial anomalies capillary anomalies venous anomalies lymphatic anomalies
  See also
  anomalies

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