Macroscopical anomalies

Articles

• hypertrophy
  3 June 2003

  Definition: Hypertrophy refers to an increase in the size of cells, resulting in an increase in the size of the organ.
  Pathogenesis
  The hypertrophied organ has no new cells, just larger cells. The increased size of the cells is due not to cellular swelling but to the synthesis of more structural components.
  Cells capable of division may respond to stress by undergoing both hyperplasia and hypertrophy, whereas in nondividing cells (e.g., myocardial fibers), hypertrophy occurs.
  Nuclei (...)

• endometrial polyp
  17 November 2004

  Clinical synopsis
  asymptomatic or associated with bleeding
  associated with tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer
  Macroscopy synopsis
  sessile or pedunculated mass
  cystically dilated glands
  multicystic cut surface
  Microscopy synopsis
  endometrial glands unresponsive to progesterone stimulation
  may have severe atypia
  fibrous stroma with spindled
  fibroblast-like cells
  abundant extracellular connective tissue
  polypoid shape
  attenuated surface endometrium on 3 sides (...)

• myocardial hypertrophy
  16 July 2003

  cardiac hypertrophy

• Mullerian cysts
  19 June 2008

  Müllerian duct cyst, paramesonephric cyst

• salivary mucocele
  4 April 2005

  mucocele; labial mucocele
  Definition: Mucoceles and mucous retention cysts most often involve the minor salivary glands of the lower lip, buccal mucosa, and floor of the mouth.
  Mucoceles lack an epithelial lining and are therefore not true cysts.
  They are thought to result from ductal obstruction or trauma and represent accumulation and extravasation of mucus into adjacent tissues.
  Images
  salivary mucocele https://twitter.com/VishwasParekh/status/709730349677473793 (...)

• massive placental fibrosis
  12 November 2004

  See alos
  placenta
  placental lesions
  placental diseases

• placenta circumvallata
  3 December 2004

  placenta circumvallate

• caseous necrosis
  16 September 2005

  Caseous necrosis is a distinctive form of coagulative necrosis, is encountered most often in foci of tuberculous infection.
  The term caseous is derived from the cheesy white gross appearance of the area of necrosis.
  On microscopic examination, the necrotic focus appears as amorphous granular debris seemingly composed of fragmented, coagulated cells and amorphous granular debris enclosed within a distinctive inflammatory border known as a granulomatous reaction. Unlike coagulative (...)

• Congestion
  19 December 2005

  Definition: Congestion is a passive process resulting from impaired outflow from a tissue. It may occur systemically, as in cardiac failure, or it may be local, resulting from an isolated venous obstruction. The tissue has a blue-red color (cyanosis), particularly as worsening congestion leads to accumulation of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the affected tissues.
  Localization
  cutaneous congestion
  cerebral congestion
  visceral congestion
  renal congestion
  Exemples
  acute pulmonary (...)

• splenic infarction
  21 May 2004

  splenic infarct, splenic infarction

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