diabetic embryopathy

Synopsis

 caudal dysplasia (caudal regression syndrome) (#15266776#, #15127755#, #14694401#, #12196475#. #11896527#, #7365764#, #4848209#)

• sirenomelia (#15266776#)
• severe axial mesodermal dysplasia spectrum (#8775416#)
• lumbosacral dysgenesis (#457742#)

 VACTERL association (#118181216#)
 femoral hypoplasia i(#18051935#, #8960613#, #8330451#)
 femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies syndrome (FHUFS) (#17668891#, #8960613#, #6854450#)
 bifid tongue (#17663469#)
 holoprosencephaly (#17274816#, #8330451#)
 congenital cryptorchidism (#17032715#)
 extrahepatic biliary atresia (#14694401#)
 penile enlargement (#11170094#)
 oculoauriculovertebral anomalies (#10710228#)
 limb reduction defects (#9018422#)
 cardiovascular malformations (#9018422#)
 renal agenesis (#9018422#)
 branchial arch malformations (#6753584#)
 central nervous system malformations (#6753584#)
 vertebral malformations (#6753584#)
 central nervous system malformations (#6753584#)
 bilateral renal agenesis (#6891697#)
 Di George syndrome (#6891697#)

Case records

 Case 13394: Severe caudal dysplasia in maternal diabetes

References

 Kapoor N, Sankaran S, Hyer S, Shehata H. Diabetes in pregnancy: a review of current evidence. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Dec;19(6):586-90. PMID: #18007138#

 Allen VM, Armson BA, Wilson RD, Allen VM, Blight C, Gagnon A, Johnson JA, Langlois S, Summers A, Wyatt P, Farine D, Armson BA, Crane J, Delisle MF, Keenan-Lindsay L, Morin V, Schneider CE, Van Aerde J, Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada.Teratogenicity associated with pre-existing and gestational diabetes. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2007 Nov;29(11):927-44. PMID: #17977497#

 Barnes-Powell LL.Infants of diabetic mothers: the effects of hyperglycemia on the fetus and neonate.Neonatal Netw. 2007 Sep-Oct;26(5):283-90. PMID: #17926658#

 Madri JA, Enciso J, Pinter E. Maternal diabetes: effects on embryonic vascular development—a vascular endothelial growth factor-A-mediated process. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2003 Jul-Aug;6(4):334-41. PMID: #14692647#