myelofibrosis
fibrosis of the bone marrow
Synopsis
increased silver (reticulin) staining
marked fibrosis with pockets of cellularity that have fibroblasts and atypical megakaryoblasts
bone marrow hyperplasia with predominance of megakaryocytic and erythroid precursors is observed (slight increase in reticulin staining)
- more typical of (adult) agnogenic myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis
Etiology
primary myelofibrosis
- agnogenic myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis (AMMM)
- acute myelofibrosis
- acute myelofibrosis of childhood (C-AMF)
- myelofibrosis associated with myelodysplastic syndrome
secondary myelofibrosis
- acute leukemia
- acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) (M7 acute leukemia)
- acute myeloid leukemia
- acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- chronic myelogenous leukemia
- non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- essential thrombocythemia
- Hodgkin disease (reported cases in adults only)
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- Sickle cell disease
- Fanconi anemia
- Infectious causes
- Tuberculosis
- visceral leishmaniasis
- histoplasmosis
- Vitamin D deficiency
- renal osteodystrophy
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- Gray platelet syndrome
- osteopetrosis
- hyperparathyroidism
- hypoparathyroidism
- pernicious anemia
- Gaucher disease
- exposure to radiation
- thorium dioxide exposition
- benzene exposition